The rapid advancement of science and technology has led to the widespread application of optimization algorithms in various fields, including healthcare, industry, and commerce, due to their efficient information processing capabilities. The state evolution of fiber lasers is a complex process influenced by multiple interacting factors, necessitating precise parameter adjustments to achieve optimal mode-locking states. Integrating optimization algorithms into mode-locked fiber lasers has emerged as a key research area, addressing the stability challenges associated with mode-locked fiber lasers. This article firstly introduces the mode-locked fiber lasers based on optimization algorithms, and explains the various optimization algorithms used in mode-locked fiber lasers. Secondly, the combination of fiber lasers and optimization algorithms was analyzed to optimize the mode locking state of lasers, including the time taken for the system to achieve mode locking, robust control of the mode locking state, different mode locking states, soliton pulsation, soliton dynamics, and pulse prediction. Finally, the problems faced by optimization algorithms in mode-locked fiber lasers were summarized, and their future development was prospected.