Fig. 1. (a) Surface morphologies of a non-heat-treated substrate and substrates heat-treated at different temperatures. (b) The number of raised particles on the surface of the four samples. (c) Detailed dimensional information of particles at positions A, B and C on the surface of sample HB4.

Fig. 2. Depth profiles of (a) Al, (b) Fe and (c) Ce impurity elements characterized via TOF-SIMS.

Fig. 3. (a) Transmittance spectra, (b) measured XRD spectra and (c) coating stress measured after deposition (with an aging time of 45 days) of PLBS coatings.

Fig. 4. Typical O 1s spectra of (a) the high-n layer and low-n layers deposited at (b) 100°C, (c) 140°C and (d) 200°C.

Fig. 5. (a) Single-pulse damage probability as a function of the input fluence. (b) Normalized E-field intensity distribution in the PLBS coating.

Fig. 6. Typical damage morphologies of PLBS coatings.

Fig. 7. Comparison of micro-crack and crater-type morphologies.

Fig. 8. Simulated laser-induced temperature rise caused by (a) a HfO_x particle, (b) a HfO_x particle and CeO₂ particles at 7 μm intervals, and (c) a HfO_x particle and CeO₂ particles at 1.4 μm intervals.

Fig. 9. Simulated laser-induced temperature rise caused by a HfO_x particle and (a) a 10-nm-diameter CeO₂ particle, (b) a 31-nm-diameter CeO₂ particle and (c) a 31-nm-diameter Al₂O₃ particle.

Fig. 10. Simulated E-field distribution caused by (a) a 31-nm-diameter CeO₂ nodule seed, (b) a 183-nm-diameter CeO₂ nodule seed and (c) a 183-nm-diameter Al₂O₃ nodule seed.