Fig. 1. Dependence of the gap voltage on the product of the frequency and gap separation (fd). Here, f is the frequency in GHz and d is the gap separation in mm

Fig. 2. Schematic of experimental layout

Fig. 3. Structural model of the X-band waveguide transformer

Fig. 4. Picture of experimental layout

Fig. 5. Comparison of the transmission waveform and incident waveform without the electron emission

Fig. 6. Comparison of the transmission and incident waveform with the electron emission

Fig. 7. Comparison of the reflected waveform without or with the electron emission