Fig. 1. Structural diagram of NOLM/NALM

Fig. 2. Schematics of figure-of-8 and figure-of-9 cavities. (a) Schematic of figure-of-8 mode-locked fiber laser; (b) schematic of figure-of-9 mode-locked fiber laser; (c) calculated round trip transmission through NOLM/NALM device as function of nonlinear phase difference in loop (corresponding to figure-of-8 cavity); (d) calculated round trip reflection through NOLM/NALM device as function of nonlinear phase difference in loop (corresponding to figure-of-9 cavity)

Fig. 3. Experimental setup for non-PM NOLM/NALM dissipative soliton fiber laser

Fig. 4. Experimental setup for PM figure-of-8 mode-locked fiber laser with dual-gain

Fig. 5. Output characterization of PM figure-of-8 mode-locked fiber laser with dual-gain. (a) Spectrum; (b) pulse train; (c) frequency spectrum; (d) autocorrelation signal

Fig. 6. Output power stability test of PM figure-of-8 mode-locked fiber laser in duration of 24 h

Fig. 7. PM figure-of-9 mode-locked fiber laser. (a) Experimental setup; (b) principle diagram of phase shifter

Fig. 8. Experimental setup for compact figure-of-9 mode-locked fiber laser^[37]

Fig. 9. Output characterization of PM figure-of-9 1550 nm femtosecond fiber laser. (a) Spectrum; (b) pulse train; (c) frequency spectrum; (d) autocorrelation signal

Fig. 10. Output power stability test results of PM figure-of-9 1550 nm femtosecond fiber laser. (a) 0-45 ℃ high-low temperature test; (b) long-term test in duration of 15 h

Fig. 11. Output characterization of PM figure-of-9 1064 nm picosecond fiber laser. (a) Spectrum; (b) pulse train; (c) frequency spectrum; (d) autocorrelation signal

Fig. 12. Self-starting test of PM figure-of-9 1064 nm picosecond fiber laser

Fig. 13. Miniaturized optical frequency comb module^[39]. (a) Physical map of frequency comb; (b) principle diagram of device

Fig. 14. Principle of all-fiber CPA technology