Inspection Method for Aesthetic Defects in Polarizers Based on Polarimetry Basis Parameters

Junwei Zhu; Yuanlong Deng; Xuan Zhou; Shaolong Chen; Xiaopin Zhong; Xingzheng Wang

doi:10.3788/AOS241584

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 4, 0415001(2025)

Inspection Method for Aesthetic Defects in Polarizers Based on Polarimetry Basis Parameters

Junwei Zhu^1,2, Yuanlong Deng^2、*, Xuan Zhou², Shaolong Chen², Xiaopin Zhong¹, and Xingzheng Wang¹

Author Affiliations

¹College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong , China

²Shenzhen City Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong , China

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Figures & Tables(12)

Fig. 1. Experimental system

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Fig. 2. Distribution of 5 PBPs in polarized film sample. (a) Scratch defect; (b) bubble defect; (c) indentation defect; (d) no defect

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Fig. 3. PBPs images of scratches, bubbles, indentations, and non-defective samples (PBPs from left to right are b, D, $D_{C}$ , $D_{L}$ , $P_{C}$ , $P_{L}$ , $q_{L}$ , $r_{L}$ , $t_{1}$ , $t_{2}$ , and $t_{3}$ ). (a) Scratch defects; (b) bubble defects; (c) indentation defects; (d) no defect

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Fig. 4. Eleven PBPs for defect and non-defective samples

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Fig. 5. Quality assessment of PBP Images. (a) NIQE;(b) BRISQUE

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Fig. 6. Comparison of PSA and PBPI images with defects. (a1)(a2) Scratch defects; (b1)(b2) bubble defects; (c1)(c2) indentation defects; (d1)(d2) protuberance defects

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Fig. 7. Stable diffusion network structure diagram

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Fig. 8. Image generation results (two columns on left: actual and synthesized PSA images; two columns on right: actual and synthesized PBPI images). (a) Scratch defects; (b) bubble defects; (c) indentation defects; (d) no defect

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Table 1. Parameters of PBPs and their physical meanings

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Table 1. Parameters of PBPs and their physical meanings

Symbol	Physical meaning
$δ$	Linear retardation
$D$	Diattenuation
$Δ$	Depolarization
$θ$	Orientation of fast axis
$ψ$	Optical rotation
$t_{1}$ , $t_{2}$	Anisotropy degree
$t_{3}$	Linear retardation
$b$	Polarizance
$A$	Normalized anisotropy
$P_{L}$ /P_C	Linear/circular polarizance
$D_{L}$ / $D_{C}$	Linear/circular diattenuation
$q_{L}$ , $r_{L}$	Capability of transforming between linear and circular polarizations
$α_{P}$ , $α_{D}$	Orientation of maximum transmittance
$α_{q}$ , $α_{r}$	Orientation of fast axis

Table 2. Defect imaging contrast in Fig. 6
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Table 2. Defect imaging contrast in Fig. 6
Imaging method PSA PBPI
Scratch defect 33.4 68.6
Bubble defect 4.1 23.1
Indentation defect 2.9 21.5
Protuberance defect 5.6 17.3

Table 3. Comparison of sample detection rates

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Table 3. Comparison of sample detection rates

Sample category	Number	Detected quantity of PSA	Detection rate of PSA /%	Detected quantity of PBPI	Detection rate of PBPI /%
Total	1120	993	88.7	1112	99.3
Scratch defect	280	224	80.0	276	98.6
Bubble defect	280	264	94.3	279	99.6
Indentation defect	280	242	86.4	279	99.6
No defect	280	263	93.9	278	99.3

Table 4. Comparison of sample evaluation metrics

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Table 4. Comparison of sample evaluation metrics

Sample category	Precision of PSA	Recall of PSA	F1-score of PSA	Precision of PBPI	Recall of PBPI	F1-score of PBPI
Scratch defect	0.933	0.800	0.862	0.993	0.986	0.989
Bubble defect	0.805	0.943	0.868	1.000	0.996	0.998
Indentation defect	0.992	0.864	0.924	0.996	0.996	0.996
No defect	0.854	0.939	0.895	0.982	0.993	0.988

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Junwei Zhu, Yuanlong Deng, Xuan Zhou, Shaolong Chen, Xiaopin Zhong, Xingzheng Wang. Inspection Method for Aesthetic Defects in Polarizers Based on Polarimetry Basis Parameters[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(4): 0415001

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