Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 22, Issue 9, 091202(2024)
Real-time monitoring of internal temperature of a lithium-ion battery using embedded fiber Bragg gratings
Figures & Tables(12)
Fig. 1. FBG array layout and spectrum. (a) A schematic diagram; (b) a layout inside and outside the battery; (c) glass encapsulated; and (d) spectrum of the FBG array.
Fig. 2. FBG temperature sensitivity in the temperature range of 20°C–60°C.
Fig. 3. Battery simulation. (a) A geometry model used in the simulation. (b) Temperature distribution of the battery—a cross-section view.
Fig. 4. Changes in the temperature and temperature rate of the inner and outer surfaces of batteries under three different charging and discharging rates: (a)–(d) Voltage current, internal and external temperature and temperature rate change and difference between internal and external temperature changes at charging and discharging rate of 0.5C; (e)–(h) voltage current, internal and external temperature and temperature rate change and difference between internal and external temperature changes at charging and discharging rate of 1C; (i)–(l) voltage current, internal and external temperature and temperature rate change and difference between temperature and external temperature changes at charging and discharging rate of 1.25C.
Fig. 5. Comparison of the measured and simulated internal temperatures when the battery is charged and discharged in the second cycle at 0.5C.
Fig. 6. Capacity test with the FBG array inserted and no FBG array inserted in the battery. (a) Capacity and voltage changes. (b) Localized amplification of voltage changes during a single charging and discharging cycle.
Fig. 7. Changes of internal and external temperature during battery charging and discharging: (a), (b) Voltage current and difference between internal and external temperature changes at charging and discharging rate of 0.5C; (c), (d) voltage current and difference between internal and external temperature changes at charging and discharging rate of 1C; (e), (f) Voltage current and difference between internal and external temperature changes at charging and discharging rate of 1.25C.
Fig. 8. Battery state change at 2C charging and discharging rate. (a) Voltage and current change; (b) internal and external temperature change; (c) difference between internal and external temperature changes.
Table 1. Center Wavelengths and Sensitivities of FBGs
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Center Wavelengths and Sensitivities of FBGs
Sensor IFBG1 IFBG2 IFBG3 IFBG4 EFBG1 EFBG2 EFBG3 EFBG4 Wavelength (nm) 1529.89 1540.13 1549.95 1559.95 1529.46 1540.36 1549.85 1559.92 Sensitivity (pm/°C) 10.63 10.38 10.17 10.50 10.73 10.23 9.69 10.02
Table 2. Battery Charging and Discharging Test Procedure
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Battery Charging and Discharging Test Procedure
Test procedure Voltage/current Cut-off voltage/current 1700 mA (0.5C) 4.2 V CC charging 3400 mA (1C) 4.2 V 4250 mA (1.25C) 4.2 V CV charging 4.2 V 1000 mA CC discharging 1700 mA (0.5C) 2.7 V 3400 mA (1C) 2.7 V 4250 mA (1.25C) 2.7 V Rest time 30 min Repeated the above process (three times)
Table 3. Material Properties
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Material Properties
Material Isotropic thermal conductivity (W/(m · K)) Material density (kg/m3) Cu 386 8933 Electrolyte 0.2 1240 Structure steel 45 7850
Table 4. Entropy Values Based on Different SOCs
View tableView in ArticleTable 4. Entropy Values Based on Different SOCs
SOC 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Discharging (mV/K) 1 × 10−5 2 × 10−5 1.5 × 10−4 2.5 × 10−4 3 × 10−4 1.7 × 10−4 5 × 10−5 6 × 10−5 Charging (mV/K) −2.1 × 10−4 −2 × 10−4 −5 × 10−5 −3 × 10−5 −1 × 10−5 3.2 × 10−4 1.1 × 10−4 6 × 10−5
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Feixia Huang, Bowen Gu, Qiang Wu, Hong Yang, Yingying Hu, Juan Liu, Yue Fu, Xing-Dao He, Haimeng Wu, Jing Jiang, Ghanim Putrus, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Jinhui Yuan, Bin Liu, "Real-time monitoring of internal temperature of a lithium-ion battery using embedded fiber Bragg gratings," Chin. Opt. Lett. 22, 091202 (2024)
Paper Information
Category: Instrumentation, Measurement, and Optical Sensing
Received: Nov. 18, 2023
Accepted: May. 13, 2024
Published Online: Sep. 12, 2024
The Author Email: Qiang Wu (qiang.wu@northumbria.ac.uk), Bin Liu (liubin@nchu.edu.cn)
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