Balanced homodyne detector (BHD) is a key element in quantum optics and quantum information processing with continuous variables. The noise performances and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a BHD based on the transimpedance amplification circuit were theoretically analyzed and experimentally studied. With the typical BHD circuit, the signal gain of the circuit and the contributions of the noise sources to the noise spectra were calculated in detail. Characteristics of the electronic circuit were computational simulated and analyzed based on PSpice. With the printed-circuit-board and low noise operational amplifier of LMH6624, the experimental data on noise spectra were obtained. The experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation and simulation results. By comparing these data, the parasite capacitances on the PCB can be estimated. Under the transimpedance resistor of 6.8 k Ω and the capacitor of 2 pF, the maximum SNR of the developed BHD is 22 dB at the analysis frequency of 2 MHz, which contributes a measurement loss of 0.6% in the detection system. The BHD can meet the requirements of measuring squeezed state in the quantum optics experiments.