Fig. 1. Schematic of the method of anodes temperature and thermal deformation simulation

Fig. 2. Diagram of the load area of the“Qiangguang-I”accelerator

Fig. 3. Particle images at 10 ns, 15 ns and 30 ns without ions

Fig. 4. Particle images at 10 ns, 15 ns and 30 ns with H⁺ ions (10¹⁴ cm⁻³)

Fig. 5. Position distributions in r direction of the target with different ions densities

Fig. 6. Incident angle distributions with different ions densities

Fig. 7. Energy deposition profile on the anode target of electrons with different ions densities

Fig. 8. FEM model of the Ta target

Fig. 9. Max tempreture as functions of time of the target surface with r ≤20 mm (0.1 ns～20 s，logarithmic)

Fig. 10. Max tempreture as functions of time of the target surface with r ≤20 mm (0～6 μs)

Fig. 11. Simulation results of the thermal deformation of the target (r≤20 mm) with different ions densities