TC4+Ni45+CeO2 multi-pass overlapping laser cladding layers with 0, 1%, and 3% CeO2 content are achieved on the surface of Ti811 using synchronous powder-feeding laser cladding. The microstructure and phase compositions of the coating are analyzed via X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. The microhardness and friction and wear properties of the coating are investigated via a microhardness tester, friction and wear test machine, and white-light interferometer. The results demonstrate that the formation phases in the coating include TiC, TiB2, TiB, Ti2Ni, and α-Ti. With the addition of CeO2, the phase compositions of the coating remain unchanged. When the CeO2 content is 0, the internal crystal grains are coarse, the microhardness is 590-640 HV, and the wear mechanisms are primarily abrasive and adhesive wears. When the CeO2 content is 1%, the microstructure of the coating is refined, the orientation of dendrites is weakened, the microhardness is 625-655 HV, and the wear mechanisms are primarily abrasive and adhesive wears. When the CeO2 content is 3%, the reinforcing phase in the coating is changed from dendritic, long strip, and whisker-like to granular, layered, short rod-like, and is uniformly dispersed in the coating. Under this condition, the microhardness is 560-575 HV, and the wear mechanism is primarily abrasive wear.