[1] [1] E. L. Raab, M. Prentiss, A. Cable et al.. Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1987, 59(23):2631～2634

[2] [2] H. Metcalf. Magneto-optical trapping and its application to helium metastables [J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1989, 6(11):2206～2210

[3] [3] H. J. Metcalf, P. van der Straten. Laser Cooling and Trapping [M]. Springer, 1999

[4] [4] K. Dieckmann, R. J. C. Spreeuw, M. Weidemuller et al.. Two-dimensional magneto-optical trap as a source of slow atoms [J]. Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 58(5):3891～3895

[5] [5] A. Clairon, C. Salomon, S. Guelliati et al.. Ramsey resonance in a zacharias fountain [J]. Euro. Phys. Lett., 1991, 16(2):165～170

[6] [6] K. Gibble, S. Chu. Laser-cooled Cs frequency standard and a measurement of the frequency shift due to ultracold collisions [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1993, 70(12):1771～1774

[7] [7] P. A. Molenaar, P. van der Straten, H. G. M. Heideman et al.. Diagnostic technique for Zeeman-compensated atomic beam slowing: technique and result [J]. Phys. Rev. A, 1997, 55(1):605～614