Chinese Optics, Volume. 18, Issue 3, 429(2025)

Research progress of space laser communication networking technology

Zhi LIU1,3、*, Qing-fang JIANG2, Shu-tong LIU2, Shao-qian TIAN2, Ling-yun ZHU2, Xian-zhu LIU1,3, Jia-xin YU2, Jian-tong ZHAO2, Hai-feng YAO4, and Ke-yan DONG1,5
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
  • 2School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
  • 3NUERC of Space Optoelectronic Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
  • 4School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 5Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Space Optoelectronics Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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    Figures & Tables(20)
    Applications of laser communication technology in a spatial information network
    Laser communication technology corresponding to the OSI seven-layer model communication subnet
    Point-to-multipoint laser communication technology solutions
    Point-to-multipoint laser communication terminal structure solution
    Schematic diagram of point-to-multipoint laser communication system. (a) Multi-beam splitter superimposed antenna structure[24]; (b) concentric spherical lens antenna structure scheme[24]; (c) double light wedge prism[23]; (d) rotating parabolic antenna structure scheme[25]; (e) a point-to-multipoint simultaneous laser communication system based on a rotating paraboloid structure[25]; (f) four-beam tracking system[26]; (g) the integrated laser measurement and transmission system between point-to-multipoint satellites[27]
    Prototype photo of point-to-multipoint simultaneous laser communication system
    (a) System composition diagram, (b) node layout, and (c) test site map of one-to-two-point simultaneous laser communication field test
    The development process of optical switching technology at the Xi'an Institute of Optics and Mechanics (CAS)
    Research progress on nodal all-optical switching technology. (a) Schematic diagram of the 3-node FSO network with the simultaneous WC-OCS and format conversion[29], (b) experimental setup diagram of single-pump FWM[30], and (c) optical switching principle diagram based on WOCS[31]
    Statistical graph of laser communication networking application
    (a) Schematic diagram of the transformational satellite communication (TSAT) plan[40] and (b) schematic diagram of the space-based adaptive communication node (Space-BACN) plan
    Schematic diagram of the Starlink plan[55]
    Schematic diagram of laser satellite relay communication
    Schematic diagram of the integrated LCRD and low-orbit satellite communication terminal (ILLUMA-T) [66-67]
    Schematic diagram of ORCLE laser communication terminal links[74]
    • Table 1. Comparison of performance parameters of point-to-multipoint laser communication schemes

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      Table 1. Comparison of performance parameters of point-to-multipoint laser communication schemes

      参数HAWK终端球形转台硅基光学相控阵液晶光学相控阵特殊光机结构(旋转抛物面)
      目前水平规划参数
      工作模式一对一×4一对一×4一对多一对多一对多一对四
      数据传输速率/Gbps72.57025100+10
      通信光束发散角/μrad8010068--50
      偏转最大角度方位角:0−360°±5°(内框)50°(单孔径)±25°(单孔径)±45°(单孔径)方位角360°,俯仰角15°
      平均切换时间-<30 s200 ms<10 ms<5 ms<30 s
      传输距离50 km100 km54 m1000 km
      系统功耗110 w1000 w-<80 W<30 W<150 W
      系统体积279 mm×256 mm×546 mmΦ250 mm-175 mm×125 mm×50 mm-Φ300 mm×750 mm
      系统质量13 kg25 kg-1 kg45 kg
      跟踪精度-20~30 μrad-20 μrad3 μrad
      通光孔径31 mm150 mm3 mm25 mm等效收发口径≥85 mm
      功耗2.9 W5 W72.53 μW<3 W
      转向机构二轴四框架二维摆镜
    • Table 2. Parameter comparison table of point-to-multipoint simultaneous laser communication optical terminals

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      Table 2. Parameter comparison table of point-to-multipoint simultaneous laser communication optical terminals

      参数“一对二”原理验证装置“一对三”原理样机“一对三”工程样机“一对四”原理样机“一对三”测通传一体化原理样机
      通信光波长1550 nm/1064 nm1550 nm/1530 nm、1561 nm/1605 nm;1530 nm1605 nm/1571 nm/1550 nm1550 nm/1530 nm1550 nm
      通信速率1−2.5 Gbps2.5 Gbps2.5 Gbps1 Gbps−10 Gbps10 Gbps
      通信距离(等效)50 km100~1000 km100~1000 km1000 km1000 km
      通信光束散角100 µrad300 μrad(主)40 μrad(从)200 μrad(主)40 μrad(从)80 μrad(主)80 μrad(从)50 μrad(主、从)
      信标光束散角-1 mrad(主、从)2 mrad(主、从)2 mrad(主、从)300 μrad(主、从)
      通信范围360°(方位)38°(俯仰)360°(方位)30°(俯仰)360°(方位)30°(俯仰)360°(方位)30°(俯仰)360°(方位)30°(俯仰)
      通信光发射功率1 W5 W(主)2 W(从)5 W(主)2 W(从)5 W(主)2 W(从)4 W(主、从)
      状态完成实验室原理验证完成实验室原理验证完成野外演示验证完成实验室原理验证正在进行实验室原理验证
    • Table 3. Typical cases of laser communication networking in satellite constellations

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      Table 3. Typical cases of laser communication networking in satellite constellations

      系统HALOAlphaSATStarlinkTransport LayerSpace-BACN
      搭载平台LEO-GEOLEO-GEOLEOLEOGEO-LEO
      年份20122012201720192021
      国家美国欧洲美国美国美国
      通信速率4200 Gbps100 Mbps1 Gbps200 Gbps100 Gbps
      链路距离/km-36000 km1204 km3000~7000 km10000 km
    • Table 4. Typical cases of satellite relay laser communication networking

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      Table 4. Typical cases of satellite relay laser communication networking

      系统EDRSHICALILCRDLOCNESSJDRS
      搭载平台Sentinel1-AlphaGEO-LEOGEO-GroundGEO-GroundGEO-LEO
      年份20142021201920192020
      国家欧洲日本美国美国日本
      通信速率1.8 Gbps10 Gbps2.88 Gbps/622 Mbps10/100 Gbps1.8 Gbps
      工作波长1064 nm1541.35 nm1550 nm-1540 nm/1560 nm
      链路距离45000 km45000 km38000 km73395 km45000 km
      通信光功率2.2 W2.5 W0.5 W--
      光学口径135 mm150 mm108 mm220 mm150 mm
      调制/解调方式BPSK/零差相干探测DPSKDPSK/16PPM-RZ-DPSK-DD/IM-DD/直接探测
      质量50 kg50 kg69 kg-50 kg左右
      功耗160 W160 W130 W--
    • Table 5. Typical cases of laser communication networking on aviation platforms

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      Table 5. Typical cases of laser communication networking on aviation platforms

      系统ORCLEORCAFalconFOENEXLoonAquilaUltra Air
      搭载平台AircraftAircraftAircraftAircraftH-A-P(stratospheric)AircraftAircraft
      年份2008200820112012201520162021
      国家美国美国美国美国美国美国美国
      通信速率155 Mpbs2.5 Gbit/s2.5 Gbit/s6 Gbps130 Mpbs1 Gbps10 Gbps
      链路距离25 km18 km132 km230 km100 km17 km4500 km
      通信光功率0.5 W0.2 W10 W0.5 W0.1 W1 W15.85 W
      光学口径5.08 cm2.54 cm3.05 cm10.75 cm---
      调制/解调方式OOKOOKOOKFM/IMOOKQPSK-
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    Zhi LIU, Qing-fang JIANG, Shu-tong LIU, Shao-qian TIAN, Ling-yun ZHU, Xian-zhu LIU, Jia-xin YU, Jian-tong ZHAO, Hai-feng YAO, Ke-yan DONG. Research progress of space laser communication networking technology[J]. Chinese Optics, 2025, 18(3): 429

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    Paper Information

    Category: Review

    Received: Aug. 18, 2023

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: Jun. 16, 2025

    The Author Email:

    DOI:10.37188/CO.2023-0140

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