Er3+-Yb3+-Tm3+ tri-doped La2O3-Al2O3 glasses for low-power-consumption ultrawideband on-chip optical waveguide amplifiers

Zhengkai Li; Mingjie Zhang; Yuanzhi Chen; Junchang Lu; Zhanbo Wen; Banghu Wei; Mengyi Wang; Jiayue Xu; Qingli Zhang

doi:10.1117/1.APN.3.6.066013

Advanced Photonics Nexus, Volume. 3, Issue 6, 066013(2024)

Er³⁺-Yb³⁺-Tm³⁺ tri-doped La₂O₃-Al₂O₃ glasses for low-power-consumption ultrawideband on-chip optical waveguide amplifiers On the Cover

Zhengkai Li¹, Mingjie Zhang^2、*, Yuanzhi Chen^1,3、*, Junchang Lu², Zhanbo Wen², Banghu Wei², Mengyi Wang¹, Jiayue Xu¹, and Qingli Zhang⁴

Author Affiliations

¹Shanghai Institute of Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai, China

²Jinan University, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangzhou, China

³Nanyang Technological University, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Singapore, Singapore

⁴Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei, China

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Figures & Tables(10)

Fig. 1. 3D schematic diagram of a low-power-consumption ultrawideband on-chip optical waveguide amplifier based on ${Er}^{3 +} - {Yb}^{3 +} - {Tm}^{3 +}$ tri-doped ${La}_{2} O_{3} - {Al}_{2} O_{3}$ glass.

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Fig. 2. (a) Photo of the $5 {Er}_{2} O_{3} - 5 {Yb}_{2} O_{3} - x {Tm}_{2} O_{3} - (44 - x)$ ${La}_{2} O_{3} - 46 {Al}_{2} O_{3}$ ( $x = 0$ , 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1, 2) glass samples prepared by the ADL technique. (b) Absorption spectra of the samples in UV-Vis-NIR region.

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Fig. 3. Photoluminescence of $5 {Er}_{2} O_{3} - 5 {Yb}_{2} O_{3} - x {Tm}_{2} O_{3} - (44 - x) {La}_{2} O_{3} - 46 {Al}_{2} O_{3}$ ( $x = 0$ , 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1, and 2) glasses samples under 980 nm pumping. (a) Upconversion luminescence spectra. (b) Mid-infrared luminescence spectra. (c) and (d) NIR luminescence spectra.

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Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of the ET processes among ${Yb}^{3 +}$ , ${Er}^{3 +}$ , and ${Tm}^{3 +}$ in ${Er}_{2} O_{3} - {Yb}_{2} O_{3} - {Tm}_{2} O_{3} - {La}_{2} O_{3} - {Al}_{2} O_{3}$ glasses.

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Fig. 5. Absorption and emission cross sections of (a) ${Er}^{3 +} : {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2} \leftrightarrow {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$ transitions and (b) ${Tm}^{3 +} : {{}^{3}H}_{6} \leftrightarrow {{}^{3}F}_{4}$ transitions.

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Fig. 6. Gain cross sections of (a) ${Er}^{3 +} : {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$ transitions and (b) ${Tm}^{3 +} : {{}^{3}F}_{4} \to {{}^{3}H}_{6}$ transitions.

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Fig. 7. (a) DSC curves of $5 {Er}_{2} O_{3} - 5 {Yb}_{2} O_{3} - 0.2 {Tm}_{2} O_{3} - 43.8 {La}_{2} O_{3} - 46 {Al}_{2} O_{3}$ glass at a heating rate of 20°C/min.

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Fig. 8. $5 {Er}_{2} O_{3} - 5 {Yb}_{2} O_{3} - 0.2 {Tm}_{2} O_{3} - 43.8 {La}_{2} O_{3} - 46 {Al}_{2} O_{3}$ ridge waveguide and the electric field distributions of TE modes at 980, 1535, and 1860 nm.

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Table 1. Experimental and calculated oscillator strength of 5Er2O3-5Yb2O3-0.2Tm2O3-43.8La2O3-46Al2O3 glass.

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Table 1. Experimental and calculated oscillator strength of 5Er2O3-5Yb2O3-0.2Tm2O3-43.8La2O3-46Al2O3 glass.


${{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2} \to$	$λ_{start} - λ_{end}$ (nm)	$\bar{λ}$ (nm)	$f_{exp.}$ ( $\times 10^{- 6}$ )	$S_{exp.}$ ( $\times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2}$ )	$S_{cal.}$ ( $\times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2}$ )
${{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	1500 to 1680	1546	1.226	1.519	1.492
${{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	920 to 980	960	0.611	0.470	0.399
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2}$	802 to 850	826	0.270	0.178	0.100
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2}$	635 to 692	657	2.029	1.069	1.063
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2}$	545 to 569	551	0.520	0.230	0.207
${{}^{2}H}_{11 / 2}$	512 to 530	523	1.977	0.828	0.944
${{}^{4}F}_{7 / 2}$	471 to 520	498	1.783	0.711	0.743
${{}^{4}F}_{5 / 2}$	446 to 471	454	0.659	0.240	0.208
${{}^{4}F}_{3 / 2}$	425 to 446	438	0.258	0.090	0.120
${{}^{2}H}_{9 / 2}$	410 to 425	414	0.708	0.235	0.241
${{}^{4}H}_{11 / 2}$	365 to 401	379	5.757	1.747	1.713

Table 2. Spectral parameters of 5Er2O3-5Yb2O3-0.2Tm2O3-43.8La2O3-46Al2O3 glass for the radiative transition.

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Table 2. Spectral parameters of 5Er2O3-5Yb2O3-0.2Tm2O3-43.8La2O3-46Al2O3 glass for the radiative transition.


Transition	Radiation $λ$ (nm)	Transition probability $A_{R}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )	Branch ratio $β_{R}$ (%)	Lifetime $τ / μ s$
Initial state	Final state
${{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	${{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	1636	173.74	100	5756
${{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	${{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	1022	149.90	78.70	4886
${{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	2721	40.56	21.30
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2}$	${{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	817	87.61	54.50	5251
${{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	1633	67.28	41.86
${}^{4}{I_{11 / 2}}$	4082	5.85	3.64
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2}$	${{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	638	1964.61	88.34	450
${{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	1047	126.70	5.70
${{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	1701	125.10	5.63
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2}$	2917	7.49	0.34
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2}$	${{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	527	1693.53	62.57	369
${{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	778	819.36	30.27
${{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	1089	68.63	2.54
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2}$	1486	124.79	4.61
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2}$	3027	0.35	0.01
${{}^{2}H}_{11 / 2}$	${{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	522	2657.87	87.52	329
${{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	767	235.07	7.74
${{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	1067	78.94	2.6
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2}$	1445	58.72	1.93
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2}$	2864	6.30	0.21
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2}$	53,402	0.0005	0

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Zhengkai Li, Mingjie Zhang, Yuanzhi Chen, Junchang Lu, Zhanbo Wen, Banghu Wei, Mengyi Wang, Jiayue Xu, Qingli Zhang, "Er³⁺-Yb³⁺-Tm³⁺ tri-doped La₂O₃-Al₂O₃ glasses for low-power-consumption ultrawideband on-chip optical waveguide amplifiers," Adv. Photon. Nexus 3, 066013 (2024)

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Paper Information

Category: Research Articles

Received: May. 24, 2024

Accepted: Oct. 28, 2024

Published Online: Nov. 19, 2024

The Author Email: Mingjie Zhang (mjzhang@jnu.edu.cn), Yuanzhi Chen (yzchen@sit.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1117/1.APN.3.6.066013

CSTR:32397.14.1.APN.3.6.066013

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology