Fig. 1. Experimental setup of three-degree of freedom polarization difference underwater imaging

Fig. 2. EME values vary with the angle of polarization at different values of k. (a) k=0.284; (b) k=1

Fig. 3. Polarization difference images processed at different values of k. (a) k=0.284; (b) k=0.5; (c) k=0.75; (d) k=1

Fig. 4. Images processed by different methods. (a) Raw image; (b) image processed by our method; (c) image processed by intensity difference method; (d) image processed by Zhu's method

Fig. 5. Intensity distribution at the scribe line

Fig. 6. Raw images and images processed by different methods with different turbidity. (a) Images with low turbidity; (b) images with high turbidity