Fig. 1. EDS spectrum of TiAl intermetallic alloys

Fig. 2. Laser-induced controllable oxidation assisted micro milling. (a) Schematic of hybrid machining process; (b) surface morphology of the material at the initial oxidation stage

Fig. 3. Schematic of the nanosecond pulsed laser-induced oxidation processing

Fig. 4. Schematic of the laser overlap rate

Fig. 5. Morphologies of the oxide layer for TiAl intermetallic alloys with different laser energy densities. (a) 6.86 J/cm²; (b) 7.84 J/cm²; (c) 8.82 J/cm²; (d) 9.80 J/cm²; (e) 10.78 J/cm²; (f) 11.76 J/cm²

Fig. 6. XRD patterns of the oxide layer under different laser energy densities

Fig. 7. Morphologies of the sub-layer for TiAl intermetallic alloys with different laser energy densities. (a) 6.86 J/cm²; (b) 7.84 J/cm²; (c) 8.82 J/cm²; (d) 9.80 J/cm²; (e) 10.78 J/cm²; (f) 11.76 J/cm²

Fig. 8. Thicknesses of the oxide layer and transition layer with different laser energy densities

Fig. 9. Morphologies of the oxide layer and transition layer with different laser scanning speeds

Fig. 10. Thicknesses of the oxide layer and transition layer with different laser scanning speeds

Fig. 11. Topographies of the oxide layer and transition layer under different assisted gas atmospheres

Fig. 12. Oxygen content of the oxide layer under different assisted gas atmospheres

Fig. 13. Thicknesses of the oxide layer and transition layer under different assisted gas atmospheres