Fig. 1. Flow chart of the river extraction and spatiotemporal differences analysis

Fig. 2. Overview of the study area

Fig. 3. Different periods of multispectral index images

Fig. 4. Average spectral features

Fig. 5. The importance of feature variables

Fig. 6. R_D distribution and the division of catchments

Fig. 7. River extracted based on Sentinel-2 images in 2021

Fig. 8. Denoising and connectivity processing （a~d are noise removal， e~f are connectivity processing）

Fig. 9. River area in the catchments at different times

Fig. 10. Comparison of glacier-fed and non-glacier-fed rivers in different seasons（a， b， e and g are the images of the water season and the dry season of the catchment area A and B respectively， and c， d， f and h are the local detailed maps corresponding to a， b， e and g respectively）

Fig. 11. False color composite image with different band percentiles（a， b and c respectively take 90/50/10 band percentile color images）

Fig. 12. Relationship between the glacier dependency and seasonal variation of rivers