Fig. 1. Schematic of SSRF BL18B end station (a) and field photograph (b)

Fig. 2. Illustration of conventional TXM-XANES method(a) Flowchart of data acquisition, (b) Diagram of TXM-XANES data processing

Fig. 3. (a) Workflow of algorithm model process, (b) Diagram of overall model structure design

Fig. 4. Experimental results of TXM-XANES for Ni standard powder sample(a) TXM projection, (b) 2D energy distribution map obtained by conventional TXM-XANES, (c) 2D energy distribution map obtained by improved TXM-XANES, XANES spectra of region ① (d), random points ② (e), and region ③ (f)

Fig. 5. Experimental results of TXM-XANES for NiO standard powder sample(a) TXM projection, (b) 2D energy distribution map obtained by conventional TXM-XANES, (c) 2D energy distribution map obtained by improved TXM-XANES, XANES spectra of region ① (d), random points ② (e), and region ③ (f)

Fig. 6. Experimental results of TXM-XANES for pristine NCM811 particle sample(a) TXM projection, (b) 2D energy distribution map obtained by conventional TXM-XANES, (c) 2D energy distribution map obtained by improved TXM-XANES, XANES spectra of region ① (d), random points ② (e), and region ③ (f)

Fig. 7. Experimental results of TXM-XANES for cycled NCM811 particle sample(a) TXM projection, (b) 2D energy distribution map obtained by conventional TXM-XANES, (c) 2D energy distribution map obtained by improved TXM-XANES, XANES spectra of region ① (d), random points ② (e), and region ③ (f)

Fig. 8. Comparison of spectra obtained by XANES method for Ni/NiO standard sample (a) and NCM811 particles (b)