Fig. 1. Relationship between parameters in FM-EDFA’s theoretical model

Fig. 2. Experiment and simulation of two-mode FM-EDFA under bidirectionally pumping way. (a) Experimental configuration;

Fig. 3. Signal mode gain for FM-EDFA under bidirectional pumping. (a) LP₀₁ mode; (b) LP₁₁ mode

Fig. 4. Designed FM-EDFA with gain equalization and its transmission simulation with optical circulating loop. (a) FM-IWDM mode multiplexer; (b) FM-IWDM mode demultiplexer; (c) optical circulating loop simulation

Fig. 5. Differential mode gain (DMG) and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) dependent on cycle index

Fig. 6. Signal mode gain for six-mode EDFA under bidirectional pumping