NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, Volume. 46, Issue 1, 010005(2023)
Characteristics and disposal cases of associated radioactive waste residues in China
Figures & Tables(8)
Fig. 1. Distribution of mining (a) and processing enterprises (b) of associated radioactive ore in China
Fig. 2. Production and cumulative storage distribution of associated radioactive solid waste in China
Fig. 3. Different waste residue storage methods of various enterprises
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of anti-seepage structure at the bottom of waste residue landfill (a) and overall effect of the reservoir area (b)
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of automatic operation of waste slag warehouse
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the closed associated radioactive soild waste repository
Table 1. List of waste types generated by different industries and main nuclide activity concentration ranges[12]
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. List of waste types generated by different industries and main nuclide activity concentration ranges[12]
行业Industry 主要废物类型Main waste types 活度浓度Activity concentration / Bq∙g-1 稀土、铌/钽、锆和氧化锆工业Rare earth, niobium/tantalum, zirconium and zirconia industries 尾矿、尾渣；冶炼渣、沉淀渣、污水渣Tailings, tail slag; smelting slag, sediment slag, sewage slag 1~1 800 锡、铜、铝、锌、铅、铁和钢的生产The production oftin, copper, zinc, lead, iron and steel 尾矿、尾渣、炉渣、沉积尘Tailings, tail slag, slag, sedimentary dust 0.2~55 磷酸盐工业Phosphate industry 磷石膏、浮选渣、硫酸镭沉淀Phosphogypsum, flotation residue, radium sulfate precipitation 0.1~160 氧化铝Alumina 赤泥Red mud 0.1~8 锗/钛生产Germanium/titanium production 酸性沉渣、结垢、沉积尘Acid sediment, scale, sediment dust 1~65 燃煤工业The coal industry 炉渣及煤灰Slag and coal ash 0.4~50
Table 2. Comparative analysis of different waste sources, characteristics and treatment methods
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Comparative analysis of different waste sources, characteristics and treatment methods
要素Element 危险废物Hazardous waste 低中放废物Low-intermediate level radioactive waste 铀矿冶废物Uranium mining and metallurgy waste 伴生放废物Other radioactive solid waste 来源Source 国家危险废物名录，规定危废鉴别标准National hazardous waste list, hazardous waste identification standard 核设施营运单位、核技术利用单位产生的废物Wastes generated by units operating nuclear facilities and using nuclear technology 铀（钍）矿开发利用单位产生的废物Wastes generated by uranium mining development and utilization units 非铀（钍）矿产资源开发利用活动中产生的铀（钍）系单个核素活度浓度超过1 Bq∙g-1的固体废物Solid wastes of uranium (thorium) series with a single nuclide activity concentration exceeding 1 Bq∙g-1generated from the exploitation and utilization of non-uranium (thorium) mineral resources 废物特点Characteristics 种类繁多、性质复杂、数量Wide variety, complex nature and large quantity 来源广，种类繁多；多为寿命相对较短的人工核素；与伴生放废物相比，数量有限Wide sources and various types; most of them are artificial nuclides with relatively short life; compared with associated radioactive waste, the quantity is limited 与伴生废物相比，来源及种类相对单一，性质相对简单Compared with the associated waste, the source and type are relatively simple and the nature is relatively simple 来源广，种类繁多、活度范围大、数量大、性质复杂；含天然放射性核素、半衰期长A wide range of sources, various types, large range of activity, large quantity, complex nature; contains natural radionuclides, long half-life 处理处置方式Disposal method 综合利用、焚烧或填埋处置Comprehensive utilization, incineration or landfill disposal 整备、暂存、近地表处置、中地质处置Servicing, temporary storage, near surface disposal, medium geological disposal 尾矿库或尾渣库Tailings pond or dry tailings pond 资源综合回收、暂存、填埋Comprehensive resource recovery, temporary storage and landfill
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Dong JI, Juan DU, Hefei ZHANG, Xiaochao LIU. Characteristics and disposal cases of associated radioactive waste residues in China[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2023, 46(1): 010005
Paper Information
Category: Research Articles
Received: Sep. 15, 2022
Accepted: --
Published Online: Feb. 17, 2023
The Author Email: LIU Xiaochao (liuxiaochao96@126.com)
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