Fig. 1. The schematic diagram of the off-axis-based PSSCH method. (a) Sampling patterns; (b) oblique phase grating; (c) encoded patterns; (d) target wavefront; (e) modulated wavefront; (f) single-pixel detection; (g) reconstructed hologram; (h) Fourier fringe analysis (FFA); (i) reconstructed wavefront.

Fig. 2. The schematic diagram of the four-step phase-shifting-based PSSCH method. (a) Sampling patterns; (b) four-step phase shiftings; (c) encoded patterns; (d) target wavefront; (e) modulated wavefront; (f) single-pixel detection; (g) reconstructed wavefront.

Fig. 3. The amplitude results of the USAF 1951 test target and the phase results of the Siemens star test target reconstructed using the off-axis method. (a), (c), and (e) The reconstructed amplitude by the pattern self-referenced SCH, checkerboard SCH, and peripheral SCH, respectively. (b), (d), and (f) The reconstructed phase by the pattern self-referenced SCH, checkerboard SCH, and peripheral SCH, respectively.

Fig. 4. The amplitude results of the USAF 1951 test target and the phase results of the Siemens star test target reconstructed by the phase-shifting-based method. (a), (c), and (e) The reconstructed amplitude by the pattern self-referenced SCH, checkerboard SCH, and peripheral SCH, respectively. (b), (d), and (f) The reconstructed phase by the pattern self-referenced SCH, checkerboard SCH, and peripheral SCH, respectively.

Fig. 5. Experimentally reconstructed wavefront of a dragonfly wing. (a) Photograph of the dragonfly wing. (b) Results of off-axis-based PSSCH method: (b1) off-axis hologram; (b2) and (b3) the reconstructed amplitude and phase, respectively. (c1) and (c2) The amplitude and phase imaging results by phase-shifting-based PSSCH, respectively.

Fig. 6. Experimental measurement results for an optical lens with a focal length of 1000 mm. (a) Physical lens; (b), (c) the wrapped phase distributions measured by off-axis-based and phase-shifting-based PSSCH, respectively. (d), (e) Theoretically and experimentally reconstructed phase profiles along the red dotted lines marked in (b) and (c), respectively.