Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of rhenium diselenide and its application as a femtosecond mode-locker

Fig. 5. (a) Schematic diagram of the Z-scan measurement setup at 1560 nm. BS: beam splitter. (b) Z-scan results for the ReSe2 film using open-aperture (OA) and closed-aperture (CA) Z scan.

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Fig. 6. (a) Schematic of our prepared ReSe2/PVA-deposited side-polished fiber. (b) Measurement setup for nonlinear transmission curves of the ReSe2/PVA-based SA at 1560 nm.

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Fig. 7. Nonlinear transmission curves of the ReSe2/PVA-deposited side-polished fiber: (a) the transverse electric (TE) mode and (b) the transverse magnetic (TM) mode.

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Fig. 8. Experimental configuration of our mode-locked fiber laser.

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Fig. 9. (a) Optical spectrum and (b) an oscilloscope trace of the output pulses. Inset: oscilloscope trace for a narrow span. (c) An oscilloscope trace of the output pulses over a large time scale.

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Fig. 10. (a) Autocorrelation trace and (b) electrical spectrum of the output pulses. Inset: electrical spectrum for a span of 1 GHz.

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Table 1. Comparison of Nonlinear Optical Parameters for a Range of TMDCs that Were Measured with the Z-Scan Technique

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Table 1. Comparison of Nonlinear Optical Parameters for a Range of TMDCs that Were Measured with the Z-Scan Technique

Sample	NLO Response	$λ$ (nm)	$α_{0} ({cm}^{- 1})$	$β$ (cm/GW)	$n_{2} ({cm}^{2} / GW)$	Reference
${WS}_{2}$	SA^a	800	$8.88 {nm}^{- 1}$	$- (3.7 \pm 0.28) \times 10^{5}$	$8.1 \pm 0.41$	[78]
${WS}_{2}$	SA	1064	NA^c	$- (5.1 \pm 0.26)$	$(5.83 \pm 0.18) \times 10^{- 2}$	[79]
${MoS}_{2}$	SA	1064	NA	$- (3.8 \pm 0.59)$	$(1.88 \pm 0.48) \times 10^{- 3}$	[79]
${WSe}_{2}$	TPA^b	1064	NA	$(1.9 \pm 0.57)$	$- (2.4 \pm 1.23)$	[79]
${Mo}_{0.5} W_{0.5} S_{2}$	TPA	1064	NA	$(1.91 \pm 0.78)$	$- (8.73 \pm 1.47) \times 10^{- 2}$	[79]
${WS}_{2}$ (1–3L)	TPA	1030	$7.17 \times 10^{5}$	$(1.0 \pm 0.8) \times 10^{4}$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (18–20L)	TPA	1030	$5.98 \times 10^{5}$	$(3.28 \pm 0.11) \times 10^{3}$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (39–41L)	TPA	1030	$8.57 \times 10^{5}$	$(2.75 \pm 0.11) \times 10^{3}$	NA	[57]
${MoS}_{2}$ (25–27L)	TPA	1030	$3.90 \times 10^{4}$	$66 \pm 4$	NA	[57]
${MoS}_{2}$ (72–74L)	SA	1030	$1.89 \times 10^{5}$	$- 250 \pm 50$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (1–3L)	TPA	800	$1.08 \times 10^{6}$	$525 \pm 205$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (18–20L)	SA	800	$7.22 \times 10^{5}$	$- 397 \pm 40$	NA	[57]
${MoS}_{2}$ (25–27L)	TPA	800	$6.24 \times 10^{4}$	$11.4 \pm 4.3$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (1–3L)	SA	515	$5.18 \times 10^{4}$	$- (2.9 \pm 1.0) \times 10^{4}$	NA	[57]
${ReSe}_{2}$	SA	1560	$0.25 \times 10^{3}$	$- (5.67 \pm 0.35) \times 10^{3}$	$- (2.81 \pm 0.13) \times 10^{- 2}$	This work

Table 2. Performance Comparison between the Present Work and Previously Demonstrated Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Incorporating Other Saturable Absorption Materials

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Table 2. Performance Comparison between the Present Work and Previously Demonstrated Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Incorporating Other Saturable Absorption Materials

Saturable Absorption Materials	SA Threshold Level	Modulation Depth (%)	Wavelength (nm)	3 dB Bandwidth (nm)	Repetition Rate (MHz)	Pulse Width (ps)	Reference
CNT	NA^a	NA	1556.2	3.7	5.88	0.47	[14]
Graphene	NA	NA	1559	5.24	19.9	0.464	[16]
Graphene	NA	NA	1561.6	1.96	6.99	1.3	[17]
GO	53 W^b	5.25	1556.5	8.5	17.09	0.615	[19]
${Bi}_{2} {Te}_{3}$	44 W	15.7	1547	4.63	15.11	0.6	[22]
${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$	$12 MW / {cm}^{2}$ ^c	3.9	1557.5	4.3	12.5	0.66	[23]
${Sb}_{2} {Te}_{3}$	NA	NA	1558.6	1.8	4.75	1.8	[24]
${MoS}_{2}$	$137 MW / {cm}^{2}$	2.7	1556.3	6.1	463	0.935	[26]
${WS}_{2}$	$600 MW / {cm}^{2}$	0.95	1557	2.3	8.86	1.32	[8]
${MoSe}_{2}$	24 W	5.4	1555.6	5.4	15.38	0.798	[28]
${WSe}_{2}$	NA	0.5	1557.6	2.1	5.31	1.25	[30]
${MoTe}_{2}$	NA	1.8	1561	2.4	5.26	1.2	[31]
${WTe}_{2}$	64.6 W	2.85	1556.2	4.14	13.98	0.77	[32]
${SnS}_{2}$	$125 MW / {cm}^{2}$	4.6	1562.01	6.09	29.33	0.623	[33]
${ReS}_{2}$	$74 MW / {cm}^{2}$	0.12	1558.6	1.85	5.4801	1.6	[37]
BP	$6.55 MW / {cm}^{2}$	8.1	1571.45	2.9	5.96	0.946	[46]
Gold nanorod	NA	4.9	1552	3.07	4.762	0.887	[49]
${CoSb}_{3}$	8.7 W	5	1557.9	3.44	22.26	0.73	[52]
${Ti}_{3} CN$	45 W	1.7	1557	5	15.4	0.66	[53]
${ReSe}_{2}$	42 W	3.9	1561.2	3.4	14.97	0.862	This work

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Jinho Lee, Kyungtaek Lee, Suhyoung Kwon, Bumsoo Shin, Ju Han Lee, "Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of rhenium diselenide and its application as a femtosecond mode-locker," Photonics Res. 7, 984 (2019)

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Paper Information

Category: Lasers and Laser Optics

Received: Apr. 18, 2019

Accepted: Jun. 27, 2019

Published Online: Aug. 8, 2019

The Author Email: Ju Han Lee (j.h.lee@ieee.org)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.7.000984

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology