[1] J. Peacock. Leukemia(1999).

[3] U. R. P. FACP MD. Leukemia(2011).

[4] E. D. Anderson. Leukemia: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

[5] B. Leonard. Leukemia: A Research Report(1998).

[6] D. E. Sabath, S. Maloy, K. Hughes. Brenner’s Encyclopedia of Genetics, 226-227(2013).

[7] J. R. Hupp, T. P. Williams, F. J. Firriolo. Dental Clinical Advisor — E-Book: Dental Clinical Advisor — E-Book(2006).

[8] A. B. Perdana, F. Saputra, M. Aisyi. Update on diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Cancer, 14, 115-116(2020).

[9] D. Grieshaber, R. MacKenzie, J. Vörös, E. Reimhult. Electrochemical biosensors — sensor principles and architectures. Sensors, 8, 1400-1458(2008).

[10] T. Hianik. Advances inelectrochemical and acoustic aptamer-based biosensors and immunosensors in diagnostics of leukemia. Biosensors, 11, 177(2021).

[11] Y. Nur, S. Gaffar, Y. W. Hartati, T. Subroto. Applications of electrochemical biosensor of aptamers-based (APTASENSOR) for the detection of leukemia biomarker. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 32, 100416(2021).

[12] V. Perumal, U. Hashim. Advances in biosensors: Principle, architecture and applications. Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 12, 1-15(2014).

[13] H. Sung, J. Ferlay, R. L. Siegel, M. Laversanne, I. Soerjomataram, A. Jemal, F. Bray. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71, 209-249(2021).

[14] M. Mazloum-Ardakani, B. Barazesh, A. Khoshroo, M. Moshtaghiun, M. H. Sheikhha. A new composite consisting of electrosynthesized conducting polymers, graphene sheets and biosynthesized gold nanoparticles for biosensing acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bioelectrochemistry, 121, 38-45(2018).

[15] M. M. Bordbar, H. Barzegar, J. Tashkhourian, M. Bordbar, B. Hemmateenejad. A non-invasive tool for early detection of acute leukemia in children using a paper-based optoelectronic nose based on an array of metallic nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta, 1141, 28-35(2021).

[16] A. Banerjee, S. Maity, C. H. Mastrangelo. Nanostructures for biosensing, with a brief overview on cancer detection, IoT, and the role of machine learning in smart biosensors. Sensors, 21, 1253(2021).

[17] N. Nasori, D. Cao, Z. Wang, U. Farahdina, A. Rubiyanto, Y. Lei. Tunning of templated CuWO4 nanorods arrays thickness to improve photoanode water splitting. Molecules, 26, 2900(2021).

[18] X. Gong, Y. Gu, F. Zhang, Z. Liu, Y. Li, G. Chen, B. Wang. High-performance non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on CoNiCu alloy nanotubes arrays prepared by electrodeposition. Frontiers in Materials, 6(2019).

[19] T. Ghoshal, M. T. Shaw, C. T. Bolger, J. D. Holmes, M. A. Morris. A general method for controlled nanopatterning of oxide dots: A microphase separated block copolymer platform. J. Mater. Chem., 22, 12083-12089(2012).

[20] H.-C. Hao, H.-Y. Chang, T.-P. Wang, D.-J. Yao. Detection of cells captured with antigens on shear horizontal surface-acoustic-wave sensors. J Lab Autom, 18, 69-76(2013).

[21] J. S. Ellis, M. Thompson. Acoustic coupling at multiple interfaces and the liquid phase response of the thickness shear-mode acoustic wave sensor. Chem. Commun. (11), 1310-1311(2004).

[22] M. Y. Azab, M. F. O. Hameed, S. S. A. Obayya. Overview of optical biosensors for early cancer detection: Fundamentals, applications and future perspectives. Biology (Basel), 12, 232(2023).

[23] A. Allegra, C. Petrarca, M. Di Gioacchino, G. Mirabile, S. Gangemi. Electrochemical biosensors in the diagnosis of acute and chronic leukemias. Cancers (Basel), 15, 146(2022).

[24] W. Jia, A. J. Bandodkar, G. Valdés-Ramírez, J. R. Windmiller, Z. Yang, J. Ramírez, G. Chan, J. Wang. Electrochemical tattoo biosensors for real-time noninvasive lactate monitoring in human perspiration. Anal. Chem., 85, 6553-6560(2013).

[25] P. Singh. Reference Module in Life Sciences(2017).

[26] B. Bhattacharyya. Electrochemical Micromachining for Nanofabrication, MEMS and Nanotechnology, iii(2015).

[27] A. Soleimanian, B. Khalilzadeh, M. Mahdipour, A. R. Aref, A. Kalbasi, S. R. Bazaz, M. E. Warkiani, M. R. Rashidi, M. Mahdavi. An efficient graphene quantum dots-based electrochemical cytosensor for the sensitive recognition of CD123 in acute myeloid leukemia cells. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21, 16451-16463(2021).

[28] M. Afzali, M. R. Mohammad Shafiee, J. Parhizkar. Au nanorods/g-C3N4 composite based biosensor for electrochemical detection of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nanomedicine Research Journal, 5, 32-43(2020).

[29] R. Abolhasan, B. Khalilzadeh, H. Yousefi, S. Samemaleki, F. Chakari-Khiavi, F. Ghorbani, R. Pourakbari, A. Kamrani, A. Khataee, T. S. Rad, M. R. Rashidi, M. Yousefi, L. AghebatiMaleki. Ultrasensitive and label free electrochemical immunosensor for detection of ROR1 as an oncofetal biomarker using gold nanoparticles assisted LDH/rGO nanocomposite. Sci Rep, 11, 1-11(2021).

[30] X.-M. Shi, G.-C. Fan, Q. Shen, J.-J. Zhu. Photoelectrochemical DNA biosensor based on dual-signal amplification strategy integrating inorganic–organic nanocomposites sensitization with λ-exonuclease-assisted target recycling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 8, 35091-35098(2016).

[31] S. Zhou, Y. Wang, J.-J. Zhu. Simultaneous detection of tumor cell apoptosis regulators Bcl-2 and bax through a dual-signal-marked electrochemical immunosensor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 8, 7674-7682(2016).

[32] A. Soni, C. M. Pandey, S. Solanki, R. K. Kotnala, G. Sumana. Electrochemical genosensor based on template assisted synthesized polyaniline nanotubes for chronic myelogenous leukemia detection. Talanta, 187, 379-389(2018).

[33] X. Pang, C. Cui, M. Su, Y. Wang, Q. Wei, W. Tan. Construction of self-powered cytosensing device based on ZnO nanodisks@g-C3N4 quantum dots and application in the detection of CCRF-CEM cells. Nano Energy, 46, 101-109(2018).

[34] Y. Sun, Q. Ren, B. Liu, Y. Qin, S. Zhao. Enzyme-free and sensitive electrochemical determination of the FLT3 gene based on a dual signal amplified strategy: Controlled nanomaterial multilayers and a target-catalyzed hairpin assembly. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 78, 7-13(2016).

[35] M. Zhang, F. Zhou, D. Zhou, D. Chen, H. Hai, J. Li. An aptamer biosensor for leukemia marker mRNA detection based on polymerase-assisted signal amplification and aggregation of illuminator. Anal Bioanal Chem, 411, 139-146(2019).

[36] F. van der Meer. Near-infrared laboratory spectroscopy of mineral chemistry: A review. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 65, 71-78(2018).

[37] Y. Kang, Y.-Z. Wu, X. Hu, X. Xu, J. Sun, R. Geng, T. Huang, X. Liu, Y. Ma, Y. Chen, Q. Wan, X. Qi, G. Zhang, X. Zhao, X. Zeng. Multicolor bioimaging with biosynthetic zinc nanoparticles and their application in tumor detection. Sci Rep, 7, 45313(2017).

[38] J. Tan, N. Yang, Z. Hu, J. Su, J. Zhong, Y. Yang, Y. Yu, J. Zhu, D. Xue, Y. Huang, Z. Lai, Y. Huang, X. Lu, Y. Zhao. Aptamer-functionalized fluorescent silica nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of leukemia cells. Nanoscale Res Lett, 11, 298(2016).

[39] Y. Manthawornsiri, D. Polpanich, V. Yamkamon, R. Thiramanas, S. Hongeng, B. Rerkamnuaychoke, S. Jootar, P. Tangboriboonrat, K. Jangpatarapongsa. Magnetic nanoparticles PCR enzyme-linked gene assay for quantitative detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 30, 534-542(2016).

[40] M. Hassoun, J. Rüger, T. Kirchberger-Tolstik, I. W. Schie, T. Henkel, K. Weber, D. Cialla-May, C. Krafft, J. Popp. A droplet-based microfluidic chip as a platform for leukemia cell lysate identification using surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Anal Bioanal Chem, 410, 999-1006(2018).

[41] M. Shamsipur, V. Nasirian, A. Barati, K. Mansouri, A. Vaisi-Raygani, S. Kashanian. Determination of cDNA encoding BCR/ABL fusion gene in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia using a novel FRET-based quantum dots-DNA nanosensor. Anal Chim Acta, 966, 62-70(2017).

[42] B. Dou, L. Xu, B. Jiang, R. Yuan, Y. Xiang. Aptamer-functionalized and gold nanoparticle array-decorated magnetic graphene nanosheets enable multiplexed and sensitive electrochemical detection of rare circulating tumor cells in whole blood. Anal Chem, 91, 10792-10799(2019).

[43] X. Chen, X. Li, X. Yu, D. Chen, A. Liu. Diagnosis of human malignancies using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in combination with chemometric methods. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 139, 63-69(2018).

[44] S. Cui, S. Zhang, S. Yue. Raman spectroscopy and imaging for cancer diagnosis. J Healthc Eng, 2018, 8619342(2018).

[45] A. Nonoyama. “Using multiwavelength UV-visible spectroscopy for the characterization of red blood cells,”(2004).

[46] [46] PrabhakarS.,JainN.,SinghR. A., in (2013), p. 5.

[47] K. J. Goswami, N. Sen Sarma. ‘Click’ Reaction-mediated silk Fibroin-functionalized thiol-branched graphene oxide quantum dots for smart sensing of tetracycline. ACS Omega, 8, 21914-21928(2023).

[48] K. J. Goswami, A. Boruah, N. Sen Sarma. Smart-phone-assisted optical biosensors based on silk-Fibroin-decorated reduced graphene oxide quantum dots for fluorescent turn-on recognition of l-dopa. ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 6, 10191-10201(2023).

[49] K. J. Goswami, B. Gogoi, N. S. Sarma. Reduced graphene quantum dot based versatile platform for l-dopa sensing: Fluorescence turn-on, filter paper, and air-stable flexible electronic devices. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 350, 130892(2022).

[50] A. Tamashevski, Y. Harmaza, E. Slobozhanina, R. Viter, I. Iatsunskyi. Photoluminescent detection of human T-lymphoblastic cells by ZnO nanorods. Molecules, 25, 3168(2020).

[51] H. Mollasalehi, E. Shajari. A colorimetric nano-biosensor for simultaneous detection of prevalent cancers using unamplified cell-free ribonucleic acid biomarkers. Bioorganic Chemistry, 107, 104605(2021).

[52] V. Moisoiu, A. Stefancu, S. D. Iancu, T. Moisoiu, L. Loga, L. Dican, C. D. Alecsa, I. Boros, A. Jurj, D. Dima, C. Bagacean, R. Tetean, E. Burzo, C. Tomuleasa, F. Elec, N. Leopold. SERS assessment of the cancer-specific methylation pattern of genomic DNA: Towards the detection of acute myeloid leukemia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Anal Bioanal Chem, 411, 7907-7913(2019).

[53] M. Shamsipur, L. Samandari, L. Farzin, F. Molaabasi, M. H. Mousazadeh. Dual-modal label-free genosensor based on hemoglobin@gold nanocluster stabilized graphene nanosheets for the electrochemical detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene. Talanta, 217, 121093(2020).

[54] K. Y. P. dos Santos Avelino, I. A. M. Frías, N. Lucena-Silva, C. A. S. de Andrade, M. D. L. de Oliveira. Impedimetric gene assay for BCR/ABL transcripts in plasmids of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Microchim Acta, 185, 415(2018).

[55] W. Yin, D.-H. Lee, J. Choi, C. Park, S. M. Cho. Screen printing of silver nanoparticle suspension for metal interconnects. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 25, 1358-1361(2008).

[56] S. Dayneko, A. Tameev, M. Tedoradze, I. Martynov, P. Linkov, P. Samokhvalov, I. Nabiev, A. Chistyakov. Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices III, 149-156(2014).

[57] C. Xue, S. Wang, D. Wen, G. Wang, Y. Wang. Tribological performance of nanocomposite carbon lubricant additive. Materials, 12, 149(2019).

[58] J. Wu, K. Jiang, X. Wang, C. Wang, C. Zhang. On-off-on gold nanocluster-based near infrared fluorescent probe for recognition of Cu(II) and vitamin C. Microchim Acta, 184, 1315-1324(2017).

[59] W. Yuan, Z. Lu, C. M. Li. Self-assembling microsized materials to fabricate multifunctional hierarchical nanostructures on macroscale substrates. J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 6416-6424(2013).

[60] H. Y. Woo, D. W. Lee, T. Y. Yoon, J. B. Kim, J.-Y. Chae, T. Paik. Sub-100-nm nearly monodisperse n-Paraffin/PMMA phase change nanobeads. Nanomaterials, 11, 204(2021).

[61] T. T. V. Nguyen, X. Xie, J. Xu, Y. Wu, M. Hong, X. Liu. Plasmonic bimetallic nanodisk arrays for DNA conformation sensing. Nanoscale, 11, 19291-19296(2019).

[62] P.-Y. Chang, K. Bindumadhavan, R.-A. Doong. Size effect of ordered mesoporous carbon nanospheres for anodes in Li-ion battery. Nanomaterials, 5, 2348-2358(2015).

[63] N. Nasori, T. Dai, X. Jia, A. Rubiyanto, D. Cao, S. Qu, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. Lei. Realizing super-long Cu2O nanowires arrays for high-efficient water splitting applications with a convenient approach. J. Semicond., 40, 052701(2019).

[64] I. Khan, K. Saeed, I. Khan. Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12, 908-931(2019).

[65] K. Y. P. S. Avelino, I. A. M. Frias, N. Lucena-Silva, R. G. Gomes, C. P. de Melo, M. D. L. Oliveira, C. A. S. Andrade. Attomolar electrochemical detection of the BCR/ABL fusion gene based on an amplifying self-signal metal nanoparticle-conducting polymer hybrid composite. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 148, 576-584(2016).

[66] P. V. Baptista. RNA quantification using noble metal nanoprobes: Simultaneous identification of several different mRNA targets using color multiplexing and application to chronic myeloid leukemia diagnostics. Methods Mol Biol, 2118, 251-268(2020).

[67] Y. A. Grechkin, S. L. Grechkina, E. A. Zaripov, S. V. Fedorenko, A. R. Mustafina, M. V. Berezovski. Aptamer-conjugated Tb(III)-doped silica nanoparticles for luminescent detection of leukemia cells. Biomedicines, 8, 14(2020).

[68] X. He, Y. Zhu, L. Yang, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, J. Feng, X. Wen, L. Cheng, R. Zhu. MgFe-LDH nanoparticles: A promising leukemia inhibitory factor replacement for self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance in cultured Mm stem cells. Advanced Science, 8, 2003535(2021).

[69] C. M. Pandey, S. Dewan, S. Chawla, B. K. Yadav, G. Sumana, B. D. Malhotra. Controlled deposition of functionalized silica coated zinc oxide nano-assemblies at the air/water interface for blood cancer detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 937, 29-38(2016).

[70] P. Jiang, Y. Wang, L. Zhao, C. Ji, D. Chen, L. Nie. Applications of gold nanoparticles in non-optical biosensors. Nanomaterials, 8, 977(2018).

[71] T. Maxwell, M. G. Nogueira Campos, S. Smith, M. Doomra, Z. Thwin, S. Santra, E. J. Chung, L. Leon, C. Rinaldi. Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications, 243-265(2020).

[72] X. Yang, X. An, S. Ling, H. Huang, Y. Zhang, G. Chen, C. Li, Q. Wang. A cascade targeted and activatable NIR-II nanoprobe for highly sensitive detection of acute myeloid leukemia in an orthotopic model. CCS Chemistry, 3, 895-903(2020).

[73] M. Fang, K. Zhuo, Y. Chen, Y. Zhao, G. Bai, J. Wang. Fluorescent probe based on carbon dots/silica/molecularly imprinted polymer for lysozyme detection and cell imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem, 411, 5799-5807(2019).

[74] M. Nejadmansouri, M. Majdinasab, G. S. Nunes, J. L. Marty. An overview of optical and electrochemical sensors and biosensors for analysis of antioxidants in food during the last 5 years. Sensors, 21, 1176(2021).

[75] L. A. Lamont, F. Pacheco-Torgal, M. V. Diamanti, A. Nazari, C.-G. Granqvist. Nanotechnology in Eco-Efficient Construction, 270-296(2013).

[76] P. Gulati, P. Kaur, M. V. Rajam, T. Srivastava, P. Mishra, S. S. Islam. Single-wall carbon nanotube based electrochemical immunoassay for leukemia detection. Analytical Biochemistry, 557, 111-119(2018).

[77] A. S. Ghrera, C. M. Pandey, B. D. Malhotra. Multiwalled carbon nanotube modified microfluidic-based biosensor chip for nucleic acid detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 266, 329-336(2018).

[78] A. Soni, C. M. Pandey, M. K. Pandey, G. Sumana. Highly efficient polyaniline-MoS2 hybrid nanostructures based biosensor for cancer biomarker detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1055, 26-35(2019).

[79] M. Amouzadeh Tabrizi, M. Shamsipur, R. Saber, S. Sarkar. Flow injection amperometric sandwich-type aptasensor for the determination of human leukemic lymphoblast cancer cells using MWCNTs-Pdnano/PTCA/aptamer as labeled aptamer for the signal amplification. Anal Chim Acta, 985, 61-68(2017).

[80] S. Mathew, E. K. Radhakrishnan, K. A. Abd-Elsalam. Silver Nanomaterials for Agri-Food Applications, 125-146(2021).

[81] W. Zhang. Poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid)-functionalized ZnO nanocomposite for electrochemical DNA hybridization detection. J Solid State Electrochem, 20, 499-506(2016).

[82] A. Khoshroo, L. Hosseinzadeh, K. Adib, M. Rahimi-Nasrabadi, F. Ahmadi. Earlier diagnoses of acute leukemia by a sandwich type of electrochemical aptasensor based on copper sulfide-graphene composite. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1146, 1-10(2021).

[83] Z.-Y. Zhang, L.-X. Huang, Z.-W. Xu, P. Wang, Y. Lei, A.-L. Liu. Efficient determination of PML/RARα fusion gene by the electrochemical DNA biosensor based on carbon dots/graphene oxide nanocomposites. Int J Nanomedicine, 16, 3497-3508(2021).

[84] [84] KausarA., in (2021).

[85] N. K. Bakirhan, S. A. Ozkan, C. Mustansar Hussain. Handbook of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications, 520-529(2018).

[86] F. H. Haghighi, R. Binaymotlagh, S. Z. Mirahmadi-Zare, H. Hadadzadeh. Aptamer/magnetic nanoparticles decorated with fluorescent gold nanoclusters for selective detection and collection of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells from a mixture. Nanotechnology, 31, 025605(2020).

[87] B. Zhang, B. Zhang. Amorphous and Nano Alloys Electroless Depositions, 141-289(2016).

[88] S. P. Stagon, H. Huang. Syntheses and applications of small metallic nanorods from solution and physical vapor deposition. Nanotechnology Reviews, 2, 259-267(2013).

[89] S.-C. Wei, M. N. Hsu, C.-H. Chen. Plasmonic droplet screen for single-cell secretion analysis. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 144, 111639(2019).

[90] H. Park, D. J. Shin, J. Yu. Categorization of quantum dots, clusters, nanoclusters, and nanodots. J. Chem. Educ., 98, 703-709(2021).

[91] M. Mazloum-Ardakani, B. Barazesh, S. M. Moshtaghiun. A distinguished cancer-screening package containing a DNA sensor and an aptasensor for early and certain detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Chim Acta, 497, 41-47(2019).

[92] Y. Hernández, B. C. Galarreta, R. M. Fratila, J. M. De La Fuente. Nanomaterials for Magnetic and Optical Hyperthermia Applications, 83-109(2019).

[93] J. Liu, M. Cui, L. Niu, H. Zhou, S. Zhang. Enhanced peroxidase-like properties of graphene–Hemin-composite decorated with Au nanoflowers as electrochemical aptamer biosensor for the detection of K562 leukemia cancer cells. Chemistry – A European Journal, 22, 18001-18008(2016).

[94] T. Yu, H. Zhang, Z. Huang, Z. Luo, N. Huang, S. Ding, W. Feng. A simple electrochemical aptamer cytosensor for direct detection of chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. Electroanalysis, 29, 828-834(2017).

[95] K. İçöz, A. Eken, S. Çınar, A. Murat, S. Özcan, E. Ünal, G. Deniz. Immunomagnetic separation of B type acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells from bone marrow with flow cytometry validation and microfluidic chip measurements. Separation Science and Technology, 56, 2659-2666(2021).

[96] A. Nath, A. J. Trexler, P. Koo, A. D. Miranker, W. M. Atkins, E. Rhoades. Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy using phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs. Methods Enzymol, 472, 89-117(2010).

[97] A. Ostróżka-Cieślik, B. Sarecka-Hujar, A. M. Grumezescu. Multifunctional Systems for Combined Delivery, Biosensing and Diagnostics, 139-158(2017).

[98] J. Cai, H. Shen, Y. Wang, Y. Peng, S. Tang, Y. Zhu, Q. Liu, B. Li, G. Xie, W. Feng. A dual recognition strategy for accurate detection of CTCs based on novel branched PtAuRh trimetallic nanospheres. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 176, 112893(2021).

[99] K. Komori, Y. Komatsu, M. Nakane, Y. Sakai. Bioelectrochemical detection of histamine release from basophilic leukemia cell line based on histamine dehydrogenase-modified cup-stacked carbon nanofibers. Bioelectrochemistry, 138, 107719(2021).

[100] P. Hashemi, A. Afkhami, B. Baradaran, R. Halabian, T. Madrakian, F. Arduini, T. A. Nguyen, H. Bagheri. Well-orientation strategy for direct immobilization of antibodies: Development of the immunosensor using the boronic acid-modified magnetic graphene nanoribbons for ultrasensitive detection of lymphoma cancer cells. Anal. Chem., 92, 11405-11412(2020).

[101] C. Liu, B. Wang, T. Han, D. Shi, G. Wang. Fe foil-guided fabrication of uniform Ag@AgX nanowires for sensitive detection of Leukemia DNA. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11, 4820-4825(2019).

[102] Y. Yu, J. Lin, D. Lin, S. Feng, W. Chen, Z. Huang, H. Huang, R. Chen. Leukemia cells detection based on electroporation assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Biomed Opt Express, 8, 4108-4121(2017).

[103] Y. Peng, H. Shen, S. Tang, Z. Huang, Y. Hao, Z. Luo, F. Zhou, T. Wang, W. Feng. Colorimetric determination of BCR/ABL fusion genes using a nanocomposite consisting of Au@Pt nanoparticles covered with a PAMAM dendrimer and acting as a peroxidase mimic. Mikrochim Acta, 185, 401(2018).

[104] Y. Yu, S. Duan, J. He, W. Liang, J. Su, J. Zhu, N. Hu, Y. Zhao, X. Lu. Highly sensitive detection of leukemia cells based on aptamer and quantum dots. Oncol Rep, 36, 886-892(2016).

[105] B.-Z. Chi, C.-L. Wang, Z.-Q. Wang, T. Pi, X.-L. Zhong, C.-Q. Deng, Y.-C. Feng, Z.-M. Li. Fluorometric determination of the activity of the biomarker terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase via the enhancement of the fluorescence of silver nanoclusters by in-situ grown DNA tails. Microchim Acta, 186, 241(2019).

[106] B. Guo, W. Cheng, Y. Xu, X. Zhou, X. Li, X. Ding, S. Ding. A simple surface plasmon resonance biosensor for detection of PML/RARα based on heterogeneous fusion gene-triggered nonlinear hybridization chain reaction. Sci Rep, 7, 14037(2017).

[107] R.-I. Stefan-van Staden, L.-R. Balahura, L. A. Gugoasa, J. F. van Staden, H. Y. Aboul-Enein, M.-C. Rosu, S. M. Pruneanu. Pattern recognition of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in biological fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem, 410, 115-121(2018).

[108] M. C. Giuffrida, G. Cigliana, G. Spoto. Ultrasensitive detection of lysozyme in droplet-based microfluidic devices. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 104, 8-14(2018).

[109] A. A. Ensafi, M. Amini, B. Rezaei, M. Talebi. A novel diagnostic biosensor for distinguishing immunoglobulin mutated and unmutated types of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Biosens Bioelectron, 77, 409-415(2016).

[110] K. Sugawara, S. Ishizaki, K. Kodaira, H. Kuramitz, T. Kadoya. Fabrication of a cell-recognition/electron-transfer/cross-linker, peptide-immobilized electrode for the sensing of K562 cells. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1116, 53-61(2020).

[111] Y. Zheng, X. Wang, S. He, Z. Gao, Y. Di, K. Lu, K. Li, J. Wang. Aptamer-DNA concatamer-quantum dots based electrochemical biosensing strategy for green and ultrasensitive detection of tumor cells via mercury-free anodic stripping voltammetry. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 126, 261-268(2019).

[112] M. Shamsipur, M. B. Gholivand, H. Ehzari, A. Pashabadi, E. Arkan, K. Mansouri. Single frequency impedance strategy employed in rapid detection of leukemia cancer cells using an electrospun PES-nanofiber reinforced ternary composite-based cytosensor. Electrochimica Acta, 283, 1498-1506(2018).

[113] C. Liu, S. C. B. Gopinath, T. Lakshmipriya, P. Anbu. Covalent conjugation of reduced graphene oxide with oligos for current–volt signal determination on leukemia. Appl Phys A, 126, 599(2020).

[114] S. M. Khoshfetrat, M. A. Mehrgardi. Amplified detection of leukemia cancer cells using an aptamer-conjugated gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles on a nitrogen-doped graphene modified electrode. Bioelectrochemistry, 114, 24-32(2017).

[115] M. H. Akhtar, K. K. Hussain, N. G. Gurudatt, Y.-B. Shim. Detection of Ca2+-induced acetylcholine released from leukemic T-cells using an amperometric microfluidic sensor. Biosens Bioelectron, 98, 364-370(2017).

[116] J. Li, X. Lin, Z. Zhang, W. Tu, Z. Dai. Red light-driven photoelectrochemical biosensing for ultrasensitive and scatheless assay of tumor cells based on hypotoxic AgInS2 nanoparticles. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 126, 332-338(2019).

[117] H. Gao, J. Zhang, X. Wei, Q. Zhu, T. Wei. Enhanced electrochemiluminescence cytosensing based on abundant oxygen vacancies contained 2D nanosheets emitter coupled with DNA device cycle-amplification. Talanta, 228, 122230(2021).

[118] M. Amouzadeh Tabrizi, M. Shamsipur, R. Saber, S. Sarkar. Isolation of HL-60 cancer cells from the human serum sample using MnO2-PEI/Ni/Au/aptamer as a novel nanomotor and electrochemical determination of thereof by aptamer/gold nanoparticles-poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) modified GC electrode. Biosens Bioelectron, 110, 141-146(2018).

[119] M. Su, L. Ge, S. Ge, N. Li, J. Yu, M. Yan, J. Huang. Paper-based electrochemical cyto-device for sensitive detection of cancer cells and in situ anticancer drug screening. Analytica Chimica Acta, 847, 1-9(2014).

[120] M. K. Yazdi, E. Ghazizadeh, A. Neshastehriz. Different liposome patterns to detection of acute leukemia based on electrochemical cell sensor. Anal Chim Acta, 1109, 122-129(2020).

[121] G. Doria, J. Conde, B. Veigas, L. Giestas, C. Almeida, M. Assunção, J. Rosa, P. V. Baptista. Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications. Sensors, 12, 1657-1687(2012).

[122] H. K. Choi, M.-J. Lee, S. N. Lee, T.-H. Kim, B.-K. Oh. Noble metal nanomaterial-based biosensors for eectrochemical and optical detection of viruses causing respiratory illnesses. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9(2021).

[123] S. B. Chaney, S. Shanmukh, R. A. Dluhy, Y.-P. Zhao. Aligned silver nanorod arrays produce high sensitivity surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. Applied Physics Letters, 87, 031908(2005).

[124] S. Guo, E. Wang. Noble metal nanomaterials: Controllable synthesis and application in fuel cells and analytical sensors. Nano Today, 6, 240-264(2011).

[125] S. K. Krishnan, E. Singh, P. Singh, M. Meyyappan, H. S. Nalwa. A review on graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors. RSC Adv., 9, 8778-8881(2019).

[126] L. Lu, X. Hu, Z. Zhu, D. Li, S. Tian, Z. Chen. Review — electrochemical sensors and biosensors modified with binary nanocomposite for food safety. J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 037512(2019).

[127] L. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Cheng, X. Liu, H. Jiang, X. Wang. Highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for evaluation of oxidative stress based on the nanointerface of graphene nanocomposites blended with gold, Fe3O4, and platinum nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 18441-18449(2015).

[128] N. Shoaie, M. Daneshpour, M. Azimzadeh, S. Mahshid, S. M. Khoshfetrat, F. Jahanpeyma, A. Gholaminejad, K. Omidfar, M. Foruzandeh. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on the use of polyaniline and its nanocomposites: A review on recent advances. Microchim Acta, 186, 465(2019).

[129] O. R. Obisesan, A. S. Adekunle, J. A. O. Oyekunle, T. Sabu, T. T. I. Nkambule, B. B. Mamba. Development of electrochemical nanosensor for the detection of malaria parasite in clinical samples. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7(2019).

[130] N. A. Ferdiana, H. H. Bahti, D. Kurnia, S. Wyantuti. Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of rare earth element nanoparticles and its application in electrochemical nanosensor for the detection of various biomolecules and hazardous compounds: A review. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 41, 100573(2023).

[131] H. Kaviani, J. Barvestani. Photonic crystal based biosensor with the irregular defect for detection of blood plasma. Applied Surface Science, 599, 153743(2022).

[132] Ankita, S. Bissa, B. Suthar, C. Nayak, A. Bhargava. An improved optical biosensor design using defect/metal multilayer photonic crystal for malaria diagnosis. Results in Optics, 9, 100304(2022).

[133] [133] KhanW.,SharmaR.,SainiP., in (2016).

[134] H. Wang, Y. Liu, H. Liu, Z. Chen, P. Xiong, X. Xu, F. Chen, K. Li, Y. Duan. Effect of various oxidants on reaction mechanisms, self-limiting natures and structural characteristics of Al2O3 films grown by atomic layer deposition. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 5, 1701248(2018).

[135] Z. Jaksic, J. Matovic. Functionalization of artificial freestanding composite nanomembranes. Materials, 3(2010).

[136] J. Mittra, G. Abraham, M. Kesaria, S. Bahl, R. Singh, S. Shivaprasad, C. Viswanadham, U. Kulkarni, G. Dey. Role of substrate temperature in the pulsed laser deposition of Zirconium Oxide thin film. Materials Science Forum, 710, 757-761(2012).

[137] [137] HishimoneP.,NagaiH.,SatoM., in (2020).

[138] V. Pokropivny, R. Lõhmus, I. nova, A. Pokropivny, S. Vlassov. Introduction in Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology(2007).

[139] V. Zulfa, N. Nasori, U. Farahdina, M. Firdhaus, I. Aziz, H. Suprihatin, M. Rhomadhoni, A. Rubiyanto. Highly sensitive ZnO/Au nanosquare arrays electrode for glucose biosensing by electrochemical and optical detection. Molecules, 28, 617(2023).

[140] Y. Chen, S. Lu, S. Zhang, Y. Li, Z. Qu, Y. Chen, B. Lu, X. Wang, X. Feng. Skin-like biosensor system via electrochemical channels for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. Sci Adv, 3, e1701629(2017).

[141] D. Verma, K. R. Singh, A. K. Yadav, V. Nayak, J. Singh, P. R. Solanki, R. P. Singh. Internet of things (IoT) in nano-integrated wearable biosensor devices for healthcare applications. Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X, 11, 100153(2022).

[142] D. T. Phan, C. H. Nguyen, T. D. P. Nguyen, L. H. Tran, S. Park, J. Choi, B. Lee, J. Oh. A flexible, wearable, and wireless biosensor patch with internet of medical things applications. Biosensors, 12, 139(2022).

[143] A. A. Smith, R. Li, Z. T. H. Tse. Reshaping healthcare with wearable biosensors. Sci Rep, 13, 4998(2023).

[144] J. Kim, J. R. Sempionatto, S. Imani, M. C. Hartel, A. Barfidokht, G. Tang, A. S. Campbell, P. P. Mercier, J. Wang. Simultaneous monitoring of sweat and interstitial fluid using a single wearable biosensor platform. Advanced Science, 5, 1800880(2018).

[145] Y.-R. Lin, C.-C. Hung, H.-Y. Chiu, P.-H. Chang, B.-R. Li, S.-J. Cheng, J.-W. Yang, S.-F. Lin, G.-Y. Chen. Noninvasive glucose monitoring with a contact lens and smartphone. Sensors, 18, 3208(2018).

[146] D. G. Jung, D. Jung, S. H. Kong. A lab-on-a-chip-based non-invasive optical sensor for measuring glucose in saliva. Sensors, 17, 2607(2017).

[147] J. Kim, G. Valdés-Ramírez, A. J. Bandodkar, W. Jia, A. G. Martinez, J. Ramírez, P. Mercier, J. Wang. Non-invasive mouthguard biosensor for continuous salivary monitoring of metabolites. Analyst, 139, 1632-1636(2014).

[148] P. Tseng, B. Napier, L. Garbarini, D. L. Kaplan, F. G. Omenetto. Functional, RF-trilayer sensors for tooth-mounted, wireless monitoring of the oral cavity and food consumption. Advanced Materials, 30, 1703257(2018).

[149] Y. Song, D. Feng, W. Shi, X. Li, H. Ma. Parallel comparative studies on the toxic effects of unmodified CdTe quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, and carbon nanodots on live cells as well as green gram sprouts. Talanta, 116, 237-244(2013).

[150] O. S. ElMitwalli, O. A. Barakat, R. M. Daoud, S. Akhtar, F. Z. Henari. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using cinnamon bark extract, characterization, and fluorescence activity in Au/eosin Y assemblies. J Nanopart Res, 22, 309(2020).

[151] S. Ying, Z. Guan, P. C. Ofoegbu, P. Clubb, C. Rico, F. He, J. Hong. Green synthesis of nanoparticles: Current developments and limitations. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 26, 102336(2022).

[152] J. Auclair, F. Gagné. Shape-dependent toxicity of silver nanoparticles on freshwater cnidarians. Nanomaterials, 12, 3107(2022).