Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, Volume. 42, Issue 11, 3533(2022)
Gemological and Spectral Characteristics of Emeralds From Swat Valley, Pakistan
Figures & Tables(10)
Fig. 2. Comparison of elements content in emeralds from Swat valley (in atoms per formula unit)
(a): Relationship between isomorphic cations and Al; (b): Relationship between movovalent alkali and Mg+Mn+Fe; (c): Triangle plots of FeOt, MgO, Cr2O3 content (Wt%); (d): Triangle plots of FeOt, Cr2O3, V2O3 content (Wt%)
Fig. 5. Raman spectra of samples
(a): Raman spectra of H2O in emerald; (b): Raman spectra of CO2 and N2 in emerald; (c): Raman spectra of talc; (d): Raman spectra of magnetite
Fig. 7. Color division (a) and comparison of Cr content in PE2 (b)
Table 1. Conventional gemological properties of emeralds in Swat valley
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Conventional gemological properties of emeralds in Swat valley
编号 颜色 质量/ct 尺寸/mm 折射率 双折率 分光镜 外观描述 PE1 淡绿-绿 0.13 4.0×2.0 / / 晶体小, 光谱模糊 六方柱状, 晶形笔直完好, 一端见底面解理; 内部见黑色点状包体和浅色裂隙面 PE2 淡绿-绿 0.19 3.5×2.5 1.592~1.597 0.005 红区吸收线, 黄区弱吸收, 紫区强吸收 六方柱状晶体, 晶面纵纹明显; 内部见大量浅色气液包裹体 PE3 绿 0.28 4.0×3.0 1.588~1.597 0.009 红区吸收线, 黄区弱吸收, 紫区强吸收 六方柱状晶体, 一端断裂, 表面附着白色围岩; 内部裂隙发育, 见拉长状气液包体 PE4 绿 0.24 3.0×3.0 1.591~1.599 0.008 红区多条吸收线, 橙黄区弱吸收, 紫区强吸收 扁平块状, 底面解理明显; 内部裂隙十分发育 PE5 浓绿 0.33 4.5×2.0 / / 红区多条吸收线, 橙黄区吸收带, 紫区强吸收 六方柱状双晶, 一端见底面解理, 表面附着黑色固体 PE6 艳绿 0.26 3.5×3.0 1.588~1.595 0.007 红区多条吸收线, 橙黄区吸收带, 紫区强吸收 六方柱状晶体, 一个晶面发育较大; 内部见色块及大量黑色包裹体 PE7 深绿 0.58 4.0×3.0 1.589~1.598 0.009 红区多条吸收线, 橙黄区吸收带, 紫区强吸收 六方柱状晶体, 两个晶面发育较大; 内部见大量白色絮状物及暗色固体包裹体
Table 2. Major- and trace-element concentrations of Pakistan emeralds
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Major- and trace-element concentrations of Pakistan emeralds
样品点 PE1 PE2-core PE2-rim PE3 PE4 PE5 PE6 PE7 颜色 绿 淡绿 艳绿 绿 绿 浓绿 艳绿 绿 单位: Wt% Al2O3 14.84 14.58 14.49 14.34 13.25 13.74 14.59 13.49 MgO 2.57 2.84 2.49 3.26 2.57 2.70 2.58 2.76 FeOt 0.44 1.03 0.86 0.46 1.60 1.38 0.54 1.10 Cr2O3 1.08 0.30 0.98 0.69 1.11 0.81 1.26 0.99 V2O3 0.087 0.086 0.087 0.011 0.030 0.059 0.079 0.107 单位: ppma Al 53 942 52 966 52 686 52 145 48 173 49 966 53 027 49 030 Na 14 303 15 856 14 495 16 031 14 686 15 738 14 135 15 449 K 54.74 76.04 53.29 84.62 55.34 72.75 50.58 73.34 Rb 1.94 3.90 2.21 2.68 1.60 2.84 2.21 2.91 Cs 13.81 113.2 13.01 17.56 30.97 14.77 12.78 14.10 Cr 2 623 730.0 2 386 1 682 2 703 1 966 3 077 2 424 Fet 1 124 2 648 2 231 1 179 4 140 3 561 1 390 2 847 V 215.5 212.7 215.2 28.01 73.52 145.9 190.1 263.9 Mg 11 741 12 979 11 402 14 914 11 754 12 345 11 817 12 615 Sc 495.7 344.4 611.1 33.40 1 904.4 858.2 390.5 949.3 Ti 5.28 35.27 43.48 9.38 4.28 10.80 22.46 4.84 Mn 0.87 2.06 1.21 0.70 0.71 4.32 0.09 3.35 Ni 0.84 3.75 2.41 2.23 0.48 1.12 1.83 2.94
Table 3. Infrared spectrum peak ascription of H2O in emeralds from Swat valley
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Infrared spectrum peak ascription of H2O in emeralds from Swat valley
祖母绿峰位/cm-1 振动归属 7 268 ν倍频 7 139 νⅠ倍频 7 074 νⅡ倍频 5 592 ν 5 275 νⅠ/Ⅱ合频 3 400~3 900 ν1, 3(Ⅰ/Ⅱ型水)
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Su-qiao CAO, Hui DAI, Chao-wen WANG, Lu YU, Rui ZUO, Feng WANG, Lian-qiao GUO. Gemological and Spectral Characteristics of Emeralds From Swat Valley, Pakistan[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2022, 42(11): 3533
Paper Information
Category: Research Articles
Received: Sep. 3, 2021
Accepted: --
Published Online: Nov. 23, 2022
The Author Email: CAO Su-qiao (903552406@qq.com)
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