Fig. 1. (a) Head deck face of cylinder head; (b) surface model

Fig. 2. Classification of surface topography

Fig. 3. Schematic of HDM system

Fig. 4. (a) Flange surface; (b) waviness profile along marked line in Fig. 4(a)

Fig. 5. Reconstructed images of flange surface using different wavelengths of laser. (a) 770.28 nm; (b) 770.51 nm;(c) 770.71 nm; (d) 774.26 nm; (e) 777.87 nm; (f) 779.75 nm; (g) 780.51 nm; (h) 780.56 nm

Fig. 6. Height of extreme points in reconstructed images

Fig. 7. Experimental results of flange surface measurement. (a) Hologram; (b) phase diagram at 770.51 nm wavelength;(c) phase diagram at 780.51 nm wavelength; (d) point cloud of flange surface (front view)

Fig. 8. Power height response curve at a point on CCD

Fig. 9. Measurement results of local flatness

Fig. 10. Texture schematic of machined surface

Fig. 11. Estimation results of normal vector. (a) Without orientation; (b) reorientation

Fig. 12. Flange surface reconstructed models. (a) Reconstructed Poisson model; (b) wireframe and density of model;(c) reconstructed model; (d) contour curves along L1 and L2 in Fig. 12(c)

Fig. 13. Schematic of flatness error assessment

Fig. 14. Flow chart of seal plane holographic measurement and model reconstruction

Fig. 15. (a) Head deck face of engine block; (b) point cloud of head deck face of engine block;(c) height distribution of head deck surface of engine block; (d) head deck face of cylinder head;(e) point cloud of head deck face of cylinder head; (f) height distribution of head deck surface of cylinder head

Fig. 16. Process of register point cloud of head deck faces. (a) Original position; (b) initial registration;(c) registered point cloud

Fig. 17. (a) Assembly model of cylinder heads and blocks; (b) three-dimensional model of head deck face

Fig. 18. Flatness comparison between reconstruction model and parts

Fig. 19. Distance distribution between corresponding points on head deck faces of engine