Fig. 1. The theoretical (blue) and experimental (red) results of the output energies of (a) the first-stage amplifier and (b) the second-stage amplifier against gain factor G₀ in two-stage amplifiers in the pump unit of SULF-10 PW.

Fig. 2. The beam profiles of (a) super-Gaussian seed, (b) seed amplified by 25 mm diameter Nd:glass with a 0.5% doping rate, and (c) seed amplified by 25 mm diameter Nd:glass with a 1.2% doping rate.

Fig. 3. (a) The final output beam profile after being amplified by 50 mm diameter Nd:glass with a 0.5% doping rate; (b) the calculated and measured stored energy distributions across the beam cross section.

Fig. 4. The comparison of the calculated results based on transient analysis (orange line) and steady-state analysis (blue line) method.

Fig. 5. The simulated (a) temperature distribution and (b) thermal depolarization of Nd:glass rods with a diameter of 25 mm. The simulated (d) temperature distribution and (e) thermal depolarization of Nd:glass rods with a diameter of 50 mm; the measured thermal depolarizations of (c) Nd:glass rods with a diameter of 25 mm and (f) Nd:glass rods with a diameter of 50 mm.

Fig. 6. The measured wavefront distributions of the Nd:YAG rod under (a) 800 and (b) 700 V pump voltages operating at 50 Hz. The simulated wavefront distributions of the Nd:YAG rod under (c) 800 and (d) 700 V pump voltages operating at 50 Hz.

Fig. 7. The evolution of the shape of the pulse through the amplification process in the 100 J pump unit of SULF-10 PW. The measured input pulse (dark blue line), the calculated pulse shape after being amplified by the first-stage amplifier (baby blue line), the calculated pulse shape after being amplified by the second-stage amplifier (orange line), and the measured output pulse (red line).

Fig. 8. The evolution of the shape of the pulse through the amplification process in the 25 J pump unit of SEL-100 PW. (a) The calculated pulse shape evolution; (b) the measured pulse shape evolution.