Difference and parameter analysis of LST inversion based on Landsat data

Fig. 1. Study areas，（a） the remote sensing data of ‘LC08_L1TP_123032_20211126_20211201_02_T1’；（b） the remote sensing data of ‘LC09_L1TP_123032_20211122_20220120_02_T1’，with green dots representing the location of the meteorological station

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Fig. 2. Overall research process， $ε$ represents land surface emissivity， $w$ represents water vapor content，（ $g \cdot c m^{- 2}$ ）， $L ↓$ represents downwelling radiance，（ $W / m^{2} / s r / u m$ ）， $L ↑$ represents upwelling radiance，（ $W / m^{2} / s r / u m$ ）， $τ$ represents atmospheric transmittance

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Fig. 3. Inversion results of 5 LST inversion algorithms

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Fig. 4. The inversion results of the algorithm fit the measured values

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Fig. 5. Parameter sensitivity analysis

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Fig. 6. Stability statistics of five inversion algorithms on different land covers

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Table 1. Different LST inversion methods

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Table 1. Different LST inversion methods

Model	Model + parameter	Model ID
RTE	RTE （LSE， $τ$ ， $L ↑, L ↓$ ）	LST1
SC	SC （ $w$ ）	LST2
SC	SC （LSE， $τ$ ， $L ↑, L ↓$ ）	LST3
SW	SW （by Jiménez-Muñoz et al.）（LSE， $w$ ）	LST4
MW	MW （LSE， $τ$ ， $L ↑, L ↓$ ，Ta）	LST5

Table 2. The selection length and step size of each parameter
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Table 2. The selection length and step size of each parameter
Parameter Length Step size
LSE （0.9，1.0） 0.01
$τ$ （0.5，1.0） 0.01
$L ↑$ （0，5） 0.1
$L ↓$ （0，5） 0.1
$w$ （0，2.5） 0.1

Table 3. LST1 statistical results

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Table 3. LST1 statistical results

Land Cover	Landsat-8 （° C）				Landsat-9 （° C）
Land Cover	Max	Min	Mean	Std	Max	Min	Mean	Std
Water	6.234	0.784	2.783	0.576	1.872	-4.324	-2.762	0.425
Vegetation	6.982	4.824	5.234	0.823	2.731	-2.973	0.832	0.756
Dark buildings	24.832	-7.983	5.759	3.320	21.870	-9.832	4.862	3.013
Bright soil	12.0735	-8.089	6.231	4.432	11.872	-6.273	3.281	4.171
Dark soil	10.380	-7.783	0.194	1.471	9.384	-5.923	-0.827	1.362
High reflectivity buildings	22.447	-7.368	4.280	5.39	18.319	-9.873	3.976	4.792

Table 4. LST2 statistical results

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Table 4. LST2 statistical results

Land Cover	Landsat-8 （° C）				Landsat-9 （° C）
Land Cover	Max	Min	Mean	Std	Max	Min	Mean	Std
Water	13.345	3.563	7.453	2.544	7.456	-5.649	2.479	2.325
Vegetation	14.682	5.574	8.016	2.690	11.932	-3.973	2.832	2.456
Dark buildings	25.341	-5.398	9.759	4.320	18.840	-8.452	6.862	4.013
Bright soil	23.735	-4.809	8.256	4.472	15.872	-4.743	5.813	4.311
Dark soil	22.120	-6.453	3.944	3.716	18.854	-4.931	1.673	3.326
High reflectivity buildings	26.423	-4.318	7.208	5.321	21.394	-11.354	1.976	4.942

Table 5. LST3 statistical results

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Table 5. LST3 statistical results

Land Cover	Landsat-8 （° C）				Landsat-9 （° C）
Land Cover	Max	Min	Mean	Std	Max	Min	Mean	Std
Water	5.933	0.882	2.881	0.474	1.832	-4.324	-2.453	0.318
Vegetation	6.745	4.456	5.675	0.857	2.456	-2.675	0.848	0.796
Dark buildings	23.124	-7.875	5.234	3.352	21.345	-9.373	4.367	3.274
Bright soil	21.923	-8.355	6.333	4.245	19.123	-6.171	3.161	4.081
Dark soil	21.485	-7.245	1.245	1.571	17.345	-5.235	-0.145	1.461
High reflectivity buildings	23.232	-7.567	5.846	5.478	22.487	-10.484	3.353	4.863

Table 6. LST4 statistical results

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Table 6. LST4 statistical results

Land Cover	Landsat-8 （° C）				Landsat-9 （° C）
Land Cover	Max	Min	Mean	Std	Max	Min	Mean	Std
Water	14.234	3.123	6.653	0.977	7.852	-5.321	-1.122	0.855
Vegetation	15.948	7.824	9.234	0.999	8.731	-1.973	2.832	0.966
Dark buildings	28.852	-6.763	6.239	4.328	20.874	-8.835	6.862	4.513
Bright soil	27.075	-8.219	8.222	4.932	15.842	-9.213	5.281	4.672
Dark soil	27.122	-6.213	5.234	3.346	18.314	-8.123	-4.237	3.862
High reflectivity buildings	27.227	-8.234	8.123	5.721	20.391	-13.343	2.342	5.212

Table 7. LST5 statistical results

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Table 7. LST5 statistical results

Land Cover	Landsat-8 （° C）				Landsat-9 （° C）
Land Cover	Max	Min	Mean	Std	Max	Min	Mean	Std
Water	14.474	3.284	25.734	1.526	3.872	-6.343	-3.722	1.352
Vegetation	13.922	7.821	8.934	1.982	6.721	-5.923	3.823	1.846
Dark buildings	27.456	-9.345	8.234	3.887	20.238	-8.794	2.564	3.713
Bright soil	26.035	-7.349	5.357	4.631	20.412	-7.456	7.567	4.671
Dark soil	27.546	-8.345	4.634	3.575	16.435	-6.456	-3.624	3.387
High reflectivity buildings	28.673	-5.345	6.234	5.593	20.334	-9.834	4.974	4.891

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Ji-Kang WAN, Zhe-Hui SHEN, Shan LI. Difference and parameter analysis of LST inversion based on Landsat data[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2024, 43(2): 226

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