Fig. 1. Structural diagram of STAR1000 detector

Fig. 2. Structural diagram of pixel

Fig. 3. Light spot image and its Fourier spectrum. (a) Light spot image with stripe noise; (b) Fourier spectrum

Fig. 4. Centroid deviation of light spot

Fig. 5. Image noise level

Fig. 6. Images with salt and pepper noise. (a) Sample 1; (b) sample 2; (c) sample 3; (d) sample 4

Fig. 7. Centroid coordinates of light spot images with strip noise. (a) RSNR=15.0 dB; (b) RSNR=17.5 dB; (c) RSNR=20.0 dB; (d) RSNR=22.5 dB

Fig. 8. Centroid coordinates of light spot images with salt and pepper noise. (a) RSNR=15.0 dB; (b) RSNR=17.5 dB; (c) RSNR=20.0 dB; (d) RSNR=22.5 dB

Fig. 9. Light spot positioning error and fitting curves. (a) Image with stripe noise; (b) image with salt and pepper noise

Fig. 10. Positioning error of light spot image with stripe noise under large RSNR

Fig. 11. Diagram of experimental system

Fig. 12. (a) Disturbing signal generated by signal generator; (b) probability density of disturbing signal

Fig. 13. Light spot images. (a) VFOA=2.4 V; (b) VFOA=2.2 V; (c) VFOA=2.0 V; (d) VFOA=1.8 V; (e) VFOA=1.6 V; (f) VFOA=1.4 V

Fig. 14. Tracking errors under different disturbing signal amplitude

Fig. 15. Tracking errors under different VFOA