Forensic Sciences Research, Volume. 9, Issue 3, owae041(2024)
Human identification by medical findings in a forensic anthropology context
Fig. 1. Intravitam (A) and postmortem (B) X-ray confrontation of the lumbar spine. Matching points 1–11.
Fig. 2. Intravitam (A) and postmortem (B) X-ray confrontation of the lumbar spine. Comparison of the antemortem (C) and postmortem (D) templates.
Fig. 3. Comparisons of the X-ray and computed tomography (CT) images. Pelvic calcifications. Intravitam X-ray (A), conventional postmortem CT (B), and postmortem CT with 3D reconstruction (C).
Fig. 4. Printed tomographic study of the intravitam lumbosacral spine referred to the Instituto Médico Legal Dr André Roquette forensic anthropology team (SAF/IMLAR).
Fig. 5. Postmortem X-ray of the lumbosacral spine in the anteroposterior (AP) (A) and lateral (B) views.
Fig. 6. Comparison between the antemortem CT images (left) and postmortem lateral X-ray (right). Elements of agreement.
Fig. 7. L3 vertebral body. Upper panels, comparison between the antemortem CT images (left) and postmortem lateral X-ray (right). Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 8. Contour of the L5 vertebral body. Upper panels, comparison between the antemortem CT images (left) and postmortem lateral X-ray (right). Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 9. Proportion and positioning of the interposition of lines interconnecting specific anatomical points about the rods and screws. Upper panels, comparison between the antemortem CT images (left) and postmortem lateral X-ray (right). Lower panel, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 10. Contour of the L3 vertebral body. Upper panels, comparison between the axial slices of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 11. L3 vertebra. Upper panels, comparison between the axial slices of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 12. L3 vertebra. Upper panels, comparison between the axial slices of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 13. Posterior contour of the L3 vertebral body. Comparison between the axial slices of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Element of agreement.
Fig. 14. L3 vertebral body. Comparison between the axial slice images of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Consistent elements.
Fig. 15. L3 vertebral body. Upper panels, comparison between the axial slices of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 16. L3 vertebral body. Upper panels, comparison between the axial slices of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 17. Morphology of the lower articular process of the L4 vertebra and the upper articular of the L5 vertebra. Comparison between the axial slice images of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Consistent elements.
Fig. 18. L5 vertebral body. Upper panels, comparison between the axial slice images of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 19. L5 vertebral body. Upper panels, comparison between the axial slice images of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Lower panels, respective matching templates.
Fig. 20. L5 vertebral body. Comparison between the axial slices of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Consistent elements.
Fig. 21. L5 vertebral body. Comparison between the axial slice images of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Consistent elements.
Fig. 22. L5 vertebral body. Comparison between the axial slice images of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Consistent elements.
Fig. 23. L5 vertebral body. Upper panels, comparison between the axial slices of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 24. L5 vertebral body. Comparison between the axial slice images of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Consistent elements.
Fig. 25. L5 vertebral body. Upper panels, comparison between the axial slice images of the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans. Lower panels, respective concordant templates.
Fig. 27. Coincident morphology of bone relief on the anterior wall of the right maxillary sinus (circumference) in the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans.
Fig. 28. Coinciding morphology details of bone relief on the anterior wall of the right maxillary sinus (circumference) in the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans.
Fig. 29. Multiple coinciding points in the cranial anatomical points and in the morphology arrangement of the right mastoid cells (left inferior square) in the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans in axial sections.
Fig. 30. Coinciding morphology details and the arrangement of right mastoid cells in the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans in axial sections.
Fig. 31. Matching morphology and arrangement of the frontal sinus ethmoid recess (superior square). Coinciding morphology and location of a device consistent with a vascular clip used in neurosurgical procedures (solid arrow). Coinciding morphology of bone relief on an internal table of the skull in the internal occipital crest (inferior circumference). Multiple coinciding points in the cranial anatomical points in the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans in axial sections.
Fig. 32. Details of the matching morphology and arrangement of the frontal sinus ethmoid recess (superior squares). Coinciding morphology and location of a device consistent with a vascular clip used in neurosurgical procedures (solid arrow). The oblique line represents the inclination of the clip in relation to the anatomical points (straight lines), highlighting the coinciding points between the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans in axial sections.
Fig. 33. Matching morphology of the frontal sinus ethmoid recess (superior square); multiple coinciding points in the internal table of the skull in the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans in axial sections.
Fig. 34. Details of the matching morphology of the frontal sinus ethmoid recess in the antemortem (left) and postmortem (right) CT scans.
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Yara Vieira Lemos, Alexandre Neves Furtado, Adriana Zatti Lima, Alexander Santos Dionísio, Ricardo Moreira Araújo, Eugénia Cunha. Human identification by medical findings in a forensic anthropology context[J]. Forensic Sciences Research, 2024, 9(3): owae041
Category: Research Articles
Received: Mar. 19, 2024
Accepted: Jun. 12, 2024
Published Online: Sep. 22, 2025
The Author Email: Eugénia Cunha (eugenia.m.cunha@inmlcf.mj.pt)