Fig. 1. Principle of birefringence measurement

Fig. 2. Flow chart of proposed method

Fig. 3. Experimental setup of two-dimensional birefringence measurement and detection results. (a) Experimental setup of birefringence measurement; (b) positive image of birefringent resolution target

Fig. 4. Diffraction patterns recorded in different polarization states N. (a) N=1; (b) N=2

Fig. 5. Reconstructed results of pumpkin stems and probes in different polarization states N.(a) O₁; (b) O₂; (c) P_O,1; (d) P_O,2.First line is amplitude and second line is phase

Fig. 6. Complex amplitude distributions of exiting light P_N of birefringent resolution target.(a) Amplitude of P₁; (b) amplitude of P₂; (c) phase of P₁; (d) phase of P₂

Fig. 7. Distribution of phase retardation. (a) Distribution of phase retardation δ; (b) one-dimensional distribution of δ at location indicated by white straight line in Fig.7(a)

Fig. 8. Distribution of azimuth angle. (a) Distribution of azimuth angle φ; (b) enlargement of dotted box area in Fig. 8(a); (c) one-dimensional distribution of φ at location indicated by white straight line in Fig. 8(b)