Design and Simulation of a Multi-Beam Cloud Lidar Based on a New Generation Polar Orbit Satellite (Invited)

Decang Bi; Jiqiao Liu; Ziyu Bi; Jian Shang; Yong Yang; Fengxin Xin; Pengfei Zhang; Haofei Wang; Zhiqiang Bian; Weibiao Chen; Xiuqing Hu

doi:10.3788/AOS240855

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 44, Issue 18, 1800009(2024)

Design and Simulation of a Multi-Beam Cloud Lidar Based on a New Generation Polar Orbit Satellite (Invited)

Decang Bi^1,2,3,4, Jiqiao Liu^1,2,3,4, Ziyu Bi^1,2,4, Jian Shang⁵, Yong Yang⁶, Fengxin Xin¹, Pengfei Zhang⁶, Haofei Wang⁵, Zhiqiang Bian⁶, Weibiao Chen^2,4、*, and Xiuqing Hu^5、**

Author Affiliations

¹Aerospace Laser Technology and System Department, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

²Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

³Shanghai Key Laboratory of All Solid-State Laser and Applied Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

⁴Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

⁵National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China

⁶Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai 201109, China

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Figures & Tables(13)

Fig. 1. Scheme of M³CL

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Fig. 2. Error upper limit of backscattering coefficients. (a) General drawing; (b) partial detail-sketch

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Fig. 3. Detection error upper limit with different $β_{M i e} / β_{m o l}$ under the same $R_{S N}$

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Fig. 4. Extinection efficiency sensitivity of light with different detection wavelengths

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Fig. 5. HSRL cloud $S N R$ distribution under different wavebands (1 km cloud thickness and weak scattering condition). (a) 355 nm; (b) 532 nm

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Fig. 6. Three wavelength cloud detection $S N R$ distribution (3 km cloud thickness and weak scattering condition)

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Fig. 7. HSRL cloud $S N R$ distribution under different wavebands (2 km cloud thickness and intense scattering condition). (a) 355 nm; (b) 532 nm

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Fig. 8. Three wavelength cloud detection SNR distribution (2 km cloud thickness intense scattering condition with 5 km altitude)

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Fig. 9. HSRL aerosol detection SNR distribution. (a) Three detection channels SNR at 355 nm; (b) three detection channels SNR at 532 nm

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Fig. 10. Aerosol detection SNR distribution detected by energy detection channels under different spatial resolutions. (a) Horizontal resolution is 20 km and vertical resolution is 200 m; (b) horizontal resolution is 50 km and vertical resolution is 200 m

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Table 1. Main parameters of spaceboirne M³CL

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Table 1. Main parameters of spaceboirne M³CL

Parameter	Value
Orbit	820 km
Swath	20 km
Wavelength (detection schematic)	355 nm (Fabry-Perot HSRL+∥⊥) 532 nm (iodine HSRL+∥⊥) 532 nm+1064 nm+1625 nm (energy)
Pulse energy	15 mJ@355 nm 50 mJ@532 nm (HSRL) 15×8 mJ@532 nm 50 mJ@1064 nm 25 mJ@1625 nm
Pulse repetition frequency	200 Hz
Beam pointing interval	3.05 mrad
Beam divergence	0.080 mrad (along track)×24.50 mrad (crossing track)
Diameter of telescope	1.0 m
Receiver field of view	0.15 mrad (along track)×24.65 mrad (crossing track)
Optical bandwidth	20 pm@532 nm & 355 nm 300 pm@1064 nm & 1625 nm

Table 2. Input parameters of error limitation
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Table 2. Input parameters of error limitation
Parameter Error limitation /%
Molecular backscattering coefficient $β_{m o l}$ 1
Molecular scattering spectrum $R_{m o l} (v)$ 3
Iodine line calibration accuracy f 1
Channel constant calibration accuracy $ς$ 5

Table 3. Input simulation parameters

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Table 3. Input simulation parameters

Parameter	Value
Atmosphere mode	Modtran
Sun background	45° solar elevation
Thick cumulonimbus cumulus backscattering coefficient	355 nm: $β_{b}$ =4.116×10^-4 m^-1·sr^-1, σ=6.174×10^-3 m^-1 532 nm: $β_{b}$ =4.122×10^-4 m^-1·sr^-1, σ=6.183×10^-3 m^-1 1064 nm: $β_{b}$ =4.132×10^-4 m^-1·sr^-1, σ=6.199×10^-3 m^-1 1625 nm: $β_{b}$ =4.308×10^-4 m^-1·sr^-1, σ=6.463×10^-3 m^-1
Thin cumulus backscattering coefficient	355 nm: $β_{b}$ =2.583×10^-5 m^-1·sr^-1, σ=5.166×10^-4 m^-1 532 nm: $β_{b}$ =2.597×10^-5 m^-1·sr^-1, σ=5.194×10^-4 m^-1 1064 nm: $β_{b}$ =2.669×10^-5 m^-1·sr^-1, σ=5.338×10^-4 m^-1 1625 nm: $β_{b}$ =2.749×10^-5 m^-1·sr^-1, σ=5.498×10^-4 m^-1
Detector noise	1 nA@532 nm & 355 nm 1 nA/ $\sqrt[]{H z}$ @1064 nm 0.2 nA/ $\sqrt[]{H z}$ @1625 nm
Horizontal resolution	Cloud: 2.5 km/5 km Aerosol: 20 km/50 km
Vertical resolution	100 m/200 m/1 km

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Decang Bi, Jiqiao Liu, Ziyu Bi, Jian Shang, Yong Yang, Fengxin Xin, Pengfei Zhang, Haofei Wang, Zhiqiang Bian, Weibiao Chen, Xiuqing Hu. Design and Simulation of a Multi-Beam Cloud Lidar Based on a New Generation Polar Orbit Satellite (Invited)[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(18): 1800009

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