Fig. 1. (a) Synthesis process and amplified spontaneous emission mechanism of L/D-ZIF⊃DCM. SEM images of (b) L-ZIF⊃DCM and (c) D-ZIF⊃DCM. Transmission electron microscopy images of (f), (g) L-ZIF⊃DCM and (h), (i) D-ZIF⊃DCM NPs.

Fig. 2. (a) X-ray diffraction patterns of ZIF-8 and L/D-ZIF⊃DCM NPs. (b) Normalized absorption and fluorescence spectra of DCM in methanol. (c) CD absorption spectra of L/D-ZIF⊃ DCM in methanol. (d) CPL spectra of L/D-ZIF⊃DCM (the spectrum is measured by building an optical path in the laboratory).

Fig. 3. (a) Chiral excitation testing optical path. Emission spectra of L-ZIF⊃DCM excited by (b) left-handed circular polarization lasing and (c) right-handed circular polarization lasing. Emission spectra of D-ZIF⊃DCM excited by (d) left-handed circular polarization lasing and (e) right-handed circular polarization lasing. (Each curve of the spectra is the average value of 50 pulses.) The inset shows the dependence of the emission intensity and full width at half-maximum on the pump energy density in the corresponding spectra.

Fig. 4. (a) Circular polarization testing optical path for SE and ASE signals. LCP and RCP emission spectra of (b) L-ZIF⊃DCM and (c) D-ZIF⊃DCM pumped by a CW laser. LCP and RCP emission spectra of (d) L-ZIF⊃DCM and (e) D-ZIF⊃DCM pumped by a nanosecond laser at 38.2  mJ cm−2 (each curve of the spectra is the average value under 50 pulses).

Fig. 5. (a) Structure diagram of VCSEL based on L/D-ZIF⊃DCM (L/D-VCSEL). (b) Reflectance spectra of DBR and silver films. (c) Emission spectra of L-VCSEL and (d) its integrated emission intensity and FWHM as a function of pump energy density. (e) LCP and RCP emission spectra of L-VCSEL devices when the pump pulse energy density is 38.2  mJ cm−2. (f) Emission spectra of D-VCSEL and (g) its integrated emission intensity and FWHM as a function of pump energy density. (h) LCP and RCP emission spectra of D-VCSEL devices when the pump pulse energy density is 38.2  mJ cm−2. (Each curve of the spectra is the average value under 50 pulses.)

Fig. 6. Photos of L-ZIF with (a) rhodamine 590, (b) 2-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methyl-pyridinium iodide (DASPI), and (c) rhodamine 640 under ambient light (top) and UV light (bottom).

Fig. 7. Photos of L-ZIF⊃ (a) DCM, (b) coumarin 460, and (c) coumarin 540A under ambient light (top) and UV light (bottom).

Fig. 8. Scanning electron microscopy (a), (b) and transmission electron microscopy (c), (d) images of the ZIF-8 nanoparticles.

Fig. 9. Scanning electron microscopy images of the L-ZIF.

Fig. 10. EDS mapping of L-ZIF⊃DCM.

Fig. 11. Absorption spectra of L-ZIF and L-ZIF⊃dyes.

Fig. 12. CD spectra of L/D-ZIF.

Fig. 13. CPL testing optical path for collection systems.

Fig. 14. LCP and RCP emission spectra of circularly polarized light.

Fig. 15. L/D-ZIF⊃DCM film by drop-injecting with DMF as solvent.