Fig. 1. Schematic of LIBS experimental device

Fig. 2. LIBS spectrogram of cerium oxide sample

Fig. 3. Effects of target location on LIBS signal intensity. (a) Ce II 446.02 nm; (b) Ce I 500.91 nm

Fig. 4. Variations of signal intensity and relative standard deviation of atomic and ionic spectra lines of cerium oxide with LFPP. (a) Variation of signal intensity with LFPP; (b) variation of relative standard deviation with LPFF

Fig. 5. Variations of (a) spectral signal intensity and (b) SBR with laser energy

Fig. 6. Variations of continuous background and SBR with delay time. (a) Ce Ⅱ 446.02 nm; (b) Ce Ⅰ 500.91 nm

Fig. 7. Variations of continuous background and SBR with delay time (Al I 394.4 nm)