Fig. 1. Attoclock scheme using bi-circular fields for the dissociative reaction of H₂ molecules^[45]. (a) The bound electron escapes from the potential through tunneling and moves in the combined potential created by Coulomb field of H₂ molecule and laser field; (b) experimental geometry, and fragmentation of H₂ molecules by two-color corotating bi-circular fields is measured by COLTRIMS spectrometer

Fig. 2. Joint photoelectron-nuclear energy spectrum and photoelectron momentum distributions of different dissociative channels^[45]. (a) Joint photoelectron-nuclear energy spectrum of above-threshold multiphoton dissociative ionization, and the nuclear energy spectrum integrated over the electron energy spectrum is shown in the left panel; measured photoelectron angular distributions correlated to (b) net-1ω channel, (c) net-2ω channel, and (d) net-3ω channel

Fig. 3. Experimental and simulated molecular orientation-dependent photoelectron angular distributions^[45]. (a)-(c) Correlated electron emission angle with H⁺ ion emission angle for the net-1ω; (d)-(f) correlated electron emission angle with H⁺ ion emission angle for the net-2ω; (g)-(i) correlated electron emission angle with H⁺ ion emission angle for the net-3ω

Fig. 4. Potential curves of H₂⁺ for 1s σ_g and 2p σ_u states, and nuclear distances and E_N of three dissociative channels are labeled^[45]

Fig. 5. The most probable electron emission angle θ_ele as a function of the molecular orientation angle for three dissociative channels, respectively^[45]. (a) (c) (e) The most probable electron emission angle θ_ele as a function of the molecular orientation angle for three dissociative channels; (b) (d) (f) results calculated by MO-QTMC model without Coulomb potential

Fig. 6. Offset angle caused by the long-range Coulomb potential in different channels^[45].^{(a) net-1ω; (b) net-2ω; (c) net-3ω}

Fig. 7. Distribution of initial phase and initial phase gradient^[45]. (a)-(c) Initial phase ϕini with respect to initial transverse momentum p_i for net-1ω, net-2ω, and net-3ω channels; (d)-(f) initial phase gradient ϕini' and Wigner time delay Δτ_W in the molecular frame

Fig. 8. Double-hand attoclock scheme for measuring asymmetrical CO molecule^[48]. (a) Schematic of double-hand attoclock scheme for measuring the ionization dynamics of asymmetrical CO molecule; (b) measured photoelectron momentum distribution integrated by molecular orientations

Fig. 9. Measured molecular orientation-dependent photoelectron angular distribution^[48]. (a) Photoelectron angular distribution with respect to C⁺ ion emission angle for SB1 peaks; (b) photoelectron angular distribution with respect to C⁺ ion emission angle for ATI2 peaks

Fig. 10. Simulated molecular orientation-dependent photoelectron angular distribution^[48]. (a) Simulated result of SB1 peak by TDSE; (b) simulated result of SB1 peak by the nonadiabatic MO-QTMC; (c) simulated result of ATI2 peak by TDSE; (d) simulated result of ATI2 peak by the nonadiabatic MO-QTMC

Fig. 11. Molecular orientation-dependent most probable electron emission angle^[48]. (a) The most probable electron emission angle for the SB1 peak changed with molecular orientation; (b) the most probable electron emission angle for the ATI2 peak changed with molecular orientation

Fig. 12. Electron angular distribution caused by initial phase and initial phase distribution^[48]. (a) Molecular orientation-dependent electron angular distribution corresponding to SB1; (b) molecular orientation-dependent electron angular distribution corresponding to ATI2; (c) initial phase as a function of molecular orientation angle θ_ion and initial momentum p_i for SB1; (d) initial phase as a function of molecular orientation angle θ_ion and initial momentum p_i for AIT2

Fig. 13. Initial phase gradient ϕ′_iniand Wigner time delay^[48]. (a) Initial phase gradient ϕ′_ini as a function of initial momentum p_i and molecular orientation θ_ion; (b) constructed orientation-dependent Wigner time delay as a function of electron kinetic energy