Building Contour Optimization Method for Multi-Source Data

Fig. 4. Feature edge regularization. (a) First type of vertical structure; (b) second type of vertical structure; (c) first type of parallel structure; (d) second type of parallel structure

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Fig. 5. Feature angle regularization. (a) Type of removing obtuse angle; (b) type of removing acute angle

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Fig. 6. Rule of right-angle. (a) One side tending to be perpendicular to main direction; (b) one side tending to be parallel to main direction; (c) one side neither tending to be perpendicular nor parallel to main direction

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Fig. 7. Mesh Division in error circle. (a) Grids with n=2 in error circle; (b) grids with n=3 in error circle

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Fig. 8. Comparison of contour position. (a) Contour before position refining; (b) contour after position refining; (c) result comparison

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Fig. 9. Data sources and extracted building contours. (a) Historical raster map; (b) remote sensing image; (c) LiDAR point cloud data; (d) building contours extracted from historical raster map; (e) building contours extracted from remote sensing image; (f) building contours extracted from LiDAR point cloud data

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Fig. 10. Contour comparison after superposition. (a) Superposition of optimization results and initial contours; (b) superposition of optimization results and historical raster map

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Fig. 11. Comparison of optimized building contours (method A and proposed method). (a) Superposition of results obtained by method A and initial contours; (b) superposition of results obtained by proposed method and initial contours; (c) superposition of results obtained by method A and remote sensing image; (d) superposition of results obtained by proposed method and remote sensing image

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Fig. 12. Comparison of optimized building contours (method B and proposed method). (a) Initial contour; (b) superposition of two methods; (c) superposition of proposed method and remote sensing image

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Fig. 13. Optimized effect of building contours. (a) superposition of optimized result and initial contours; (b) superposition of optimized result and remote sensing image; (c) superposition of optimized result and street map

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Fig. 14. Optimized effect of special shape building contours. (a)(e) Remote sensing image; (b)(f) initial contour; (c)(g) superposition of optimized result and initial contours; (d)(h) superposition of optimized result and remote sensing image

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Table 1. Experimental arrangement and threshold selection
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Table 1. Experimental arrangement and threshold selection
Experiment No. Data source $ν$ $ω$ $α$ $β$ $γ$ n
1 Historical raster map 5.0 $\bar{d}$ 25 $\bar{d}$ 160 30 20 3
2 Remote sensing image 8.0 $\bar{d}$ 48 $\bar{d}$ 170 30 10 3
3 LiDAR point cloud data 2.1 $\bar{d}$ 8 $\bar{d}$ 160 30 20 3

Table 2. Accuracies of results of proposed method (experiment 1)
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Table 2. Accuracies of results of proposed method (experiment 1)
Index Similarity of position Degree of directional similarity Degree of size similarity Degree of shape similarity
Value 0.966 0.992 0.969 0.986

Table 3. Result accuracy comparison of proposed method and method A
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Table 3. Result accuracy comparison of proposed method and method A
Method Similarity of position Degree of directional similarity Degree of size similarity Degree of shape similarity
Method A 0.909 0.948 0.841 0.849
Proposed method 0.912 0.995 0.985 0.975

Table 4. Accuracies of results of proposed method (Fig. 13)
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Table 4. Accuracies of results of proposed method (Fig. 13)
Index Similarity of position Degree of directional similarity Degree of size similarity Degree of shape similarity
Value 0.954 0.982 0.962 0.965

Table 5. Time complexity
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Table 5. Time complexity
Stage
Simplification
of contour
Reconstruction of contour Local regularization processing
Right-angle
of contour
Refining position
Time complexity $O (n^{2})$ $O (n)$ $O (n)$ $O (n)$ $O (n^{2})$