Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of noise composition in oceanic spaceborne lidar

Fig. 2. The phase function of Rayleigh scattering and aerosol scattering

Fig. 3. Overview of the study areas and the corresponding four ICESat-2 tracks： （a） Near north Australia； （b） Near the north of Australia； （c） Near the eastern of the United Kingdom； （d） Near the Western of India. The red lines represent the location of the ICESat-2 tracks

Fig. 4. Validation of the noise model in ocean areas： （a-d） represent the result of the noise rates for four tracks in Fig 3 （a-d）. The blue solid line represent the ICESat-2 measured noise rate，the red solid line represent the theoretical noise rate ，and the dashed line represent the different contribution of the noise rate