Fig. 1. Experimental setup of self-mode-locked vortex laser based on Nd∶GdVO4 crystal at 1064 nm

Fig. 2. Three-dimensional light intensity distribution of HG02 transmission mode

Fig. 3. Pulse train waveforms of HG02 mode with different pump powers. (a) Pump power is 2.3 W; (b) pump power is 3.8 W

Fig. 4. Train waveform of mode-locked pulse with TEM00

Fig. 5. LG transmission modes corresponding to different HG transmission modes

Fig. 6. Three-dimensional light intensity distribution of LG02 transmission mode

Fig. 7. Variation in output powers of different LG transmission modes with pump power