Blue phase liquid crystals possess several extraordinary optical properties, such as fast response time (sub-milliseconds), Bragg reflection in visible range, optical isotropic property. These properties make blue phase liquid crystals have a good application in electro-optical devices. Besides of displays, blue phase liquid crystals demonstrate series of new developments in polymer-stabilized blue phase film, crystal lattice structure, structural color and tunable application recently. These developments not only deepen cognitions in fabrication and basic structure of blue phase liquid crystals, and also broaden the applications of blue phase liquid crystals at the meantime. In this review, we discuss about the research developments of crystal lattice structure and structural color in blue phase liquid crystals in recent years. First, the fabrication and development of blue phase liquid crystals are introduced. Then, the recent developments of crystal lattice structure, including monodomain crystal, single crystal and structural color of blue phase liquid crystals are demonstrated. Last, the tunable crystal structure of blue phase liquid crystal, such as the effects of electric field and optical field on blue phase liquid crystals are shown.