In order to improve the wear resistance of U71Mn steel and prolong the service life of rail, Stellite6 powder, TiC powder and Y2O3 powder were selected as cladding powder, and cobalt alloy cladding layer was prepared on the surface of U71Mn steel by laser cladding coaxial powder feeding technology. optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, microhardness instrument, ultra depth of field microscope and wear testing machine were used to analyze the macroscopic morphology, microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, wear morphology and friction and wear properties of the coating, respectively. Results show that the best single channel cladding layer can be obtained by adding 2% Y2O3 powder to 10% TiC-Cobalt-based powder. When the laser power is 1 200 W, the scanning speed is 5 mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 1.0 r/min and the lap rate is 40%, the most flat cladding layer can be obtained. The microstructure of the cladding layer is composed of equiaxed and columnar crystals. The cladding layer has good metallurgical bonding with the matrix. The cladding layer is mainly composed of TiC, Cr7C3, Cr23C6, γ-Co and Co3Ti. The hardness of the cladding layer is up to 572 HV, and the average hardness is about 1.8 times that of the matrix. The wear of the cladding layer is 3.83% of the wear of the substrate, and the wear resistance of the cobalt-based cladding layer is significantly improved.