Matter and Radiation at Extremes, Volume. 8, Issue 6, 066601(2023)

Direct imaging of shock wave splitting in diamond at Mbar pressure

Sergey Makarov1、a), Sergey Dyachkov1, Tatiana Pikuz2, Kento Katagiri3,4, Hirotaka Nakamura3, Vasily Zhakhovsky1, Nail Inogamov5, Victor Khokhlov5, Artem Martynenko1, Bruno Albertazzi6, Gabriel Rigon6,7, Paul Mabey6,8, Nicholas J. Hartley9, Yuichi Inubushi0,0, Kohei Miyanishi0, Keiichi Sueda0, Tadashi Togashi0,0, Makina Yabashi0,0, Toshinori Yabuuchi0,0, Takuo Okuchi0, Ryosuke Kodama3,4, Sergey Pikuz1, Michel Koenig3,6, and Norimasa Ozaki3,4
Author Affiliations
  • 0Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
  • 0Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
  • 0RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
  • 1Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St., 125412 Moscow, Russia
  • 2Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
  • 3Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0817, Japan
  • 4Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
  • 5Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1-A Akademika Semenova Ave., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
  • 6LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
  • 7Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan
  • 8Department of Physics, Experimental Biophysics and Space Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
  • 9SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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    Figures & Tables(7)
    Outline of pump–probe experiment for visualization of elastic–plastic shock wave (SW) evolution in diamond with submicrometer spatial resolution. A shock wave is driven by a focused drive laser (yellow) into a target consisting of an ablator (25 µm thick polystyrene) and a 210 µm thick monocrystalline diamond with crystallographic orientation ⟨100⟩ along the propagation direction of the laser. A 7 keV XFEL beam (green) probes the target with a delay of several nanoseconds with respect to the drive laser to observe the dynamics of the shock wave propagating in the diamond. An LiF detector is used to resolve the morphology of the low-contrast elastic–plastic shock waves with submicrometer spatial resolution.
    Dynamics of shock wave evolution for times t = 3–12 ns after interaction of an optical laser of intensity I = 6 × 1012 W/cm2 with the target. (a) Phase-contrast images of shock wave evolution in diamond taken with the LiF detector located at a distance of 110 mm from the target. (b) Results of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation in 2D geometry (the strain rate map is shown). (c) Shock wave velocities at different times revealed from the experimental LiF image (red and blue dots) and the SPH simulation (black and orange dots).
    (a) Density and (b) pressure maps obtained from 1D simulation using the radiation hydrodynamics code MULTI.
    (a) Velocity profiles vP (t) of the ablator–diamond interface obtained in 1D MULTI simulations for various intensities. (b) and (c) Results of the velocity profile interpolation vP(t, I) required for further multidimensional SPH simulations with strength. (d) Velocity profiles vP(x, t), where the x axis is directed along the spot diameter, obtained using the spatial laser intensity profile for different peak intensities I0 = 1 × 1012, 3 × 1012, and 9 × 1012 W/cm2.
    Results of SPH simulations. (a) 2D maps of density. The experimental shock fronts have been digitized and superposed as dashed red (elastic) and blue (plastic) curves on the corresponding SPH results from the failure model. (b) Density and (c) pressure data retrieved along the Z axis in case (a). (d) Strain rate value for plastic shock wave revealed by the SPH simulation.
    Results of estimation of the front width ∆Z of shock waves observed in diamonds at times t = 3 ns (a) and t = 8 ns (b). The phase-contrast images on the left show the areas where the intensity distribution was recorded for the experimental profile. In the panels on the right, the experimental and simulated profiles along the Z direction are shown by the black and red lines, respectively.
    Shock wave profiles in diamond under the laser intensity ∼1.2 × 1013 W/cm2 used in Ref. 22: the experimental data for maximal compression detected during shock propagation are placed at positions calculated with a fixed shock speed V = 20.6 km/s (within the range 19.9 ± 1.7 km/s22). The 1D SPH simulation performed using the diamond model calibrated with our experimental data also agrees with the data of Schropp et al.22 SPH reveals the existence of a plastic wave at early times, which should completely decay by 0.6 ns, and so it could not be detected in the experiments by Schropp et al.22
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    Sergey Makarov, Sergey Dyachkov, Tatiana Pikuz, Kento Katagiri, Hirotaka Nakamura, Vasily Zhakhovsky, Nail Inogamov, Victor Khokhlov, Artem Martynenko, Bruno Albertazzi, Gabriel Rigon, Paul Mabey, Nicholas J. Hartley, Yuichi Inubushi, Kohei Miyanishi, Keiichi Sueda, Tadashi Togashi, Makina Yabashi, Toshinori Yabuuchi, Takuo Okuchi, Ryosuke Kodama, Sergey Pikuz, Michel Koenig, Norimasa Ozaki. Direct imaging of shock wave splitting in diamond at Mbar pressure[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2023, 8(6): 066601

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    Paper Information

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    Received: May. 2, 2023

    Accepted: Aug. 1, 2023

    Published Online: Mar. 21, 2024

    The Author Email: Sergey Makarov (seomakarov28@gmail.com)

    DOI:10.1063/5.0156681

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