Characterization of Cladding Defects via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Lei Pengda; Fu Hongbo; Yi Dingrong; Yang Jinwei; Kong Linghua

doi:10.3788/CJL202047.0411001

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 47, Issue 4, 411001(2020)

Characterization of Cladding Defects via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Lei Pengda¹, Fu Hongbo², Yi Dingrong³, Yang Jinwei¹, and Kong Linghua^1、*

¹Digital Fujian Industrial Manufacturing IoT Lab, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, FuJian 350118, China

²Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China

³College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China

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Figures & Tables(15)

Fig. 1. Laser cladding samples. (a) 100%Ni35; (b) 97%Ni35+3%TiC; (c) 94%Ni35+6%TiC;(d) 91%Ni35+9%TiC; (e) 88%Ni35+12%TiC

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Fig. 2. Samples after machining. (a) 100%Ni35; (b) 97%Ni35+3%TiC; (c) 94%Ni35+6%TiC;(d) 91%Ni35+9%TiC; (e) 88%Ni35+12%TiC

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Fig. 3. Schematic of the experimental device

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Fig. 4. Schematics of typical defects of the cladding layer. (a) Bubble; (b) powder agglomeration undissolved; (c) crack; (d) crack, powder agglomeration undissolved, bubble

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Fig. 5. Two-dimensional intensity contour map of FeⅠ 297.109 nm signal intensity. (a) 100%Ni35; (b) 97%Ni35+3%TiC; (c) 94%Ni35+6%TiC; (d) 91%Ni35+9%TiC; (e) 88%Ni35+12%TiC

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Fig. 6. Intensity diagrams of excitation signal of FeⅠ 297.109 nm at the sampling points. (a) 100%Ni35; (b) 97%Ni35+3%TiC; (c) 94%Ni35+6%TiC; (d) 91%Ni35+9%TiC; (e) 88%Ni35+12%TiC

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Fig. 7. Two-dimensional distribution of signal intensity of Ni I 301.200 nm. (a) 100%Ni35; (b) 97%Ni35+3%TiC;(c) 94%Ni35+6%TiC; (d) 91%Ni35+9%TiC; (e) 88%Ni35+12%TiC

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Fig. 8. Firing point sequence intensity maps of Ni I 301.200 nm. (a) 100%Ni35; (b) 97%Ni35+3%TiC; (c) 94%Ni35+6%TiC; (d) 91%Ni35+9%TiC; (e) 88%Ni35+12%TiC

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Table 1. Elemental composition and content of Ni35 alloy powder
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Table 1. Elemental composition and content of Ni35 alloy powder
Element Ni C Si B Cr Fe
Mass fraction /% Bal 0.3 3 2.2 10 ≤5

Table 2. Element composition and content of TiC powder
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Table 2. Element composition and content of TiC powder
Element TiC C Free C O Si Na Al
Mass fraction /% ≥99.5 19.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.45 ≤0.08 ≤0.05 ≤0.015

Table 3. Element composition and content of 45 steel plate
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Table 3. Element composition and content of 45 steel plate
Element C Si Mn P S
Mass fraction /% 0.42--0.5 0.17--0.37 0.5--0.8 ≤0.035 ≤0.035

Table 4. Cladding process parameters
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Table 4. Cladding process parameters
Laserpower /W Carrier gasvolume /min Turntable speed /(r·min^-1) Defocusamount /mm Protectivegas Scanning speed /(mm·s^-1) Laprate /%
1300 6 30 16 Ar 5 30

Table 5. Hardness test results of cladding layers
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Table 5. Hardness test results of cladding layers
Sample Average /HRC Standarddeviation Variance
Substrate 14.9 0.071 0.005
1 45.8 1.581 2.500
2 47.8 1.297 1.682
3 42.6 2.380 5.663
4 45.5 2.753 7.582
5 43.8 2.623 6.882

Table 6. Deviation from normal coefficient of Fe element in sample

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Table 6. Deviation from normal coefficient of Fe element in sample

Sample	Total N	Mean	Standard deviation	Median	Deviation from normal coefficient
1	288	849.90781	132.2934049	851.283	-0.031173663
2	288	811.69767	169.9823797	812.896	-0.021146368
3	288	670.47218	108.9253181	669.245	0.033798754
4	288	705.26485	208.5320680	729.335	-0.346279835
5	216	629.20878	192.9595641	630.165	-0.014866638

Table 7. Deviation from normal coefficient of Ni element in samples

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Table 7. Deviation from normal coefficient of Ni element in samples

Sample	Total N	Mean	Standard deviation	Median	Deviation from normal coefficient
1	288	1196.64405	192.9039379	1192.295	0.067635478
2	288	1210.15475	248.5504737	1185.92917	0.29240234
3	288	973.64481	163.7741662	967.3375	0.11553672
4	288	1112.75152	315.9001277	1129.24333	-0.156617316

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Lei Pengda, Fu Hongbo, Yi Dingrong, Yang Jinwei, Kong Linghua. Characterization of Cladding Defects via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(4): 411001

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