Application Progress of Light-Emitting Diode for Photodynamic Therapy

Li Lin; Buhong Li

doi:10.3788/LOP57.150001

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 57, Issue 15, 150001(2020)

Application Progress of Light-Emitting Diode for Photodynamic Therapy

Li Lin^* and Buhong Li^**

Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China

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Figures & Tables(12)

Fig. 1. Emission spectra of various monochromatic LEDs^[10]

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Fig. 2. LED light source^[37]. (a) Schematic diagram of array; (b) in vitro PDT cell experiment

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Fig. 3. OLEDs. (a) Picture of lighted FOLED^[44]; (b) STOLED^[38]

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Fig. 4. FQLED and luminescence spectra of QDs with different sizes. (a) Picture of lighted FQLED ^[46]; (b) luminescence spectra of QDs with different sizes^[45]

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Fig. 5. Wireless powered LED. (a) μ-LED^[47]; (b) NFC powering^[13]; (c) ultrasonic powering^[51]

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Fig. 6. Distance-dependent intensity distributions of LED array^[53]. (a) Measurement of intensity distribution; (b) simulation of intensity distribution

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Fig. 7. Secondary optical distribution design for LED arrays. (a) Reflector; (b) lens arrays; (c) light intensity distribution with optimization by lens arrays; (d) light intensity distribution without optimization by lens arrays^[11]

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Fig. 8. Ultrasonic-powered μ-LED light source implanted inside the mouse^[51]

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Fig. 9. Adhesive and suturing-free mPDT light source^[13]. (a) Lighting by NFC-powered wireless LED attached on tissue; (b) NFC-based wireless powering system; (c) wireless powered LED implanted in mouse

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Fig. 10. Wearable cap-like PDT light source for treatment of AK^[17]. (a) Cap-like PDT light source; (b) PDT therapy

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Table 1. LED for application in PDT

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Table 1. LED for application in PDT

Wavelength /nm	Dose /(J·cm^-2)	Disease /Cytotoxicity studies	Photosensitizer	Ref. No
650	0.18-18	Periodontitis causing bacteria	Toluidine blue O (TBO)	[15]
633±10	100-200	Bowen's disease	5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)	[16]
630±20	4.17-5.03	Actinic keratosis	Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)	[17]
625±20	13.14	Ocular surface infection	TBO	[18]
625±5	4.8	Breast cancer	PsD-007	[19]
530±20	0.6-3	Tongue squamouscell carcinomas	Hematoporphyrinmonomethyl ether	[20]
405 and 505	50	Human cancer keratinocytecells (HaCaT)	ALA	[21]
635	12	Root canal disinfection	TBO	[22]
465-485	12	Periodontitis	Curcumin	[23]
660	7.2	Hypoxic tumors	AQ4N-hCe6-liposome	[24]
530	0.9-3.6	Escherichia coli andbacillus cereus	TBO	[25]
660	0.45	Microorganisms	Methylene blue (MB)	[26]
630	72	Rectal cancer	ALA	[27]
660	30	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	TONS 504	[28]
635	100-400	Injury of brain	ALA	[29]
365,405,515,632	1-80	Human leukemic cells	C₆₀ nanostructure	[30]

Table 2. Property requirements for PDT light sources
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Table 2. Property requirements for PDT light sources
Property Light dose /(J·cm^-2) Irradiation area Flexibility
Cells in vitro 0.1-20 Sample size Low
Animal in vivo Tens to hundreds Lesion size High
Clinical treatments Tens to hundreds Lesion size High