Forensic Sciences Research, Volume. 9, Issue 1, owad047(2024)

Systematical explorations of forensic feature and population genetic diversity of the Chinese Mongolian group from northwest China via a self-constructed InDel panel

Xuebing Chen1, Hui Xu1, Wei Cui1, Ming Zhao1, and Bofeng Zhu1,2,3、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
  • 3Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
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    Figures & Tables(4)
    The principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) for the studied NCM group and 27 reference populations. (A) PCA plot based on the allele frequency values and (B) MDS based on the pairwise FST values among the NCM group and 27 reference populations at the population level. (C) PCA plot from 28 populations at the individual level. (D) PCA plot among the NCM group and populations from three continents (East Asia, Europe, and Africa) at the individual level. NCM: Mongolian group from northwest China; CHH: Chinese Hui group, China; CDX: Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna, China; CHB: Han Chinese in Beijing, China; CHS: Southern Han Chinese, China; KHV: Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; JPT: Japanese in Tokyo, Japan; CEU: Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry; FIN: Finnish in Finland; GBR: British in England and Scotland; IBS: Iberian populations in Spain; TSI: Toscani in Italy; CLM: Colombian in Medellin, Colombia; MXL: Mexican Ancestry in Los Angeles, CA; PEL: Peruvian in Lima, Peru; PUR: Puerto Rican in Puerto Rico; PJL: Punjabi in Lahore, Pakistan; GIH: Gujarati Indian in Houston, TX; ITU: Indian Telugu in the UK; STU: Sri Lankan Tamil in the UK; BEB: Bengali in Bangladesh; ACB: African Caribbean in Barbados; ASW: African Ancestry in Southwest US; ESN: Esan in Nigeria; GWD: Gambian in Western Division, The Gambia; LWK: Luhya in Webuye, Kenya; MSL: Mende in Sierra Leone; YRI: Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria.
    The population genetic structure analysis among the NCM group and 27 reference populations when K = 2–4. NCM: Mongolian group from northwest China; CHH: Chinese Hui group, China; CDX: Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna, China; CHB: Han Chinese in Beijing, China; CHS: Southern Han Chinese, China; KHV: Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; JPT: Japanese in Tokyo, Japan; CEU: Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry; FIN: Finnish in Finland; GBR: British in England and Scotland; IBS: Iberian populations in Spain; TSI: Toscani in Italy; CLM: Colombian in Medellin, Colombia; MXL: Mexican Ancestry in Los Angeles, CA; PEL: Peruvian in Lima, Peru; PUR: Puerto Rican in Puerto Rico; PJL: Punjabi in Lahore, Pakistan; GIH: Gujarati Indian in Houston, TX; ITU: Indian Telugu in the UK; STU: Sri Lankan Tamil in the UK; BEB: Bengali in Bangladesh; ACB: African Caribbean in Barbados; ASW: African Ancestry in Southwest US; ESN: Esan in Nigeria; GWD: Gambian in Western Division, The Gambia; LWK: Luhya in Webuye, Kenya; MSL: Mende in Sierra Leone; YRI: Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria.
    The phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on the pairwise DA distances among the NCM group and 27 reference populations. NCM: Mongolian group from northwest China; CHH: Chinese Hui group, China; CDX: Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna, China; CHB: Han Chinese in Beijing, China; CHS: Southern Han Chinese, China; KHV: Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; JPT: Japanese in Tokyo, Japan; CEU: Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry; FIN: Finnish in Finland; GBR: British in England and Scotland; IBS: Iberian populations in Spain; TSI: Toscani in Italy; CLM: Colombian in Medellin, Colombia; MXL: Mexican Ancestry in Los Angeles, CA; PEL: Peruvian in Lima, Peru; PUR: Puerto Rican in Puerto Rico; PJL: Punjabi in Lahore, Pakistan; GIH: Gujarati Indian in Houston, TX; ITU: Indian Telugu in the UK; STU: Sri Lankan Tamil in the UK; BEB: Bengali in Bangladesh; ACB: African Caribbean in Barbados; ASW: African Ancestry in Southwest US; ESN: Esan in Nigeria; GWD: Gambian in Western Division, The Gambia; LWK: Luhya in Webuye, Kenya; MSL: Mende in Sierra Leone; YRI: Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria.
    • Table 1. Allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of 43 A-InDel loci in the Mongolian group from northwest China (NCM, n = 288)

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      Table 1. Allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of 43 A-InDel loci in the Mongolian group from northwest China (NCM, n = 288)

      LociAF+PICMPPETPIHeHoP-HWE
      rs1422811200.41840.36830.38330.17850.97960.48750.48961.0000
      rs1468801830.36280.35550.38830.14090.89440.46320.44100.4634
      rs30362400.37850.35980.40110.18150.98630.47130.49310.4585
      rs1421593060.46530.37380.37400.18150.98630.49850.49310.9055
      rs357008810.47400.37430.35940.15620.92900.49950.46180.2316
      rs38305640.41150.36700.37380.15620.92900.48520.46180.4587
      rs30923070.47920.37460.38310.19991.02860.50000.51390.7325
      rs792874220.55380.37210.41090.23731.11630.49510.55210.0608
      rs58521310.38890.36230.39970.18751.00000.47610.50000.4485
      rs61444730.42010.36850.38440.18150.98630.48810.49310.9041
      rs339902820.60590.36350.37550.14580.90570.47840.44790.3230
      rs105373210.49130.37490.38820.20971.05110.50070.52430.4799
      rs2018443360.36110.35500.41710.19361.01410.46220.50690.1220
      rs40199860.39240.36310.38260.15890.93510.47770.46530.7071
      rs58251450.44790.37230.39550.21301.05880.49540.52780.2802
      rs105410720.51390.37480.38260.19991.02860.50050.51390.7232
      rs105333370.60760.36310.38840.16990.96000.47770.47921.0000
      rs679412590.56940.37010.38460.18751.00000.49120.50000.8063
      rs105891410.41670.36800.37070.15360.92310.48700.45830.3346
      rs39930570.40630.36610.38920.18150.98630.48330.49310.8031
      rs58822320.39060.36280.40810.20311.03600.47690.51740.1724
      rs105554340.48960.37490.35210.14330.90000.50070.44440.0584
      rs631360600.53470.37380.37080.17560.97300.49850.48610.7213
      rs1426231770.47220.37420.36380.16430.94740.49930.47220.4083
      rs557140890.38720.36190.38100.15100.91720.47540.45490.5263
      rs630641610.56250.37110.41520.24091.12500.49300.55560.0322
      rs359745960.55900.37150.38920.19991.02860.49390.51390.5578
      rs105408670.52080.37460.39500.21971.07460.50000.53470.2887
      rs1400258630.49830.37500.38040.19681.02130.50090.51040.8178
      rs58229090.46700.37390.37210.17850.97960.49870.48960.8074
      rs105883410.42360.36910.36840.15360.92310.48920.45830.3235
      rs105738090.60760.36310.37990.15360.92310.47770.45830.5289
      rs166460.49130.37490.37690.19061.00700.50070.50351.0000
      rs1476826920.39060.36280.39390.17850.97960.47690.48960.7054
      rs38308850.48090.37460.37750.19061.00700.50010.50351.0000
      rs105440530.38020.36020.38950.16160.94120.47210.46880.8993
      rs105551330.52260.37450.36780.17280.96640.49980.48260.6310
      rs1423921130.51910.37460.36750.17280.96640.50010.48260.5541
      rs1445376090.51040.37490.36860.17560.97300.50070.48610.6378
      rs58215250.63190.35700.38230.13360.87800.46600.43060.1993
      rs105848750.54510.37300.39410.21301.05880.49680.52780.3557
      rs58929490.46350.37370.38680.20311.03600.49820.51740.5581
      rs30438040.44970.37250.37840.18450.99310.49580.49651.0000
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    Xuebing Chen, Hui Xu, Wei Cui, Ming Zhao, Bofeng Zhu. Systematical explorations of forensic feature and population genetic diversity of the Chinese Mongolian group from northwest China via a self-constructed InDel panel[J]. Forensic Sciences Research, 2024, 9(1): owad047

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    Paper Information

    Category: Research Articles

    Received: Oct. 15, 2022

    Accepted: Oct. 16, 2023

    Published Online: Sep. 22, 2025

    The Author Email: Bofeng Zhu (zhubofeng7372@126.com)

    DOI:10.1093/fsr/owad047

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