Non-Hermitian control of confined optical skyrmions in microcavities formed by photonic spin–orbit coupling

Xiaoxuan Luo; Yin Cai; Xin Yue; Wei Lin; Jingping Zhu; Yanpeng Zhang; Feng Li

doi:10.1364/PRJ.478364

Photonics Research, Volume. 11, Issue 4, 610(2023)

Non-Hermitian control of confined optical skyrmions in microcavities formed by photonic spin–orbit coupling

Xiaoxuan Luo¹, Yin Cai^1,2, Xin Yue¹, Wei Lin¹, Jingping Zhu¹, Yanpeng Zhang¹, and Feng Li^1、*

¹Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

²e-mail: caiyin@xjtu.edu.cn

show less

References(57)

[1] U. K. Roessler, A. N. Bogdanov, C. Pfleiderer. Spontaneous skyrmion ground states in magnetic metals. Nature, 442, 797-801(2006).

[2] A. Fert, N. Reyren, V. Cros. Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications. Nat. Rev. Mater., 2, 17031(2017).

[3] N. Manton, P. Sutcliffe. Topological Solitons(2004).

[4] Y. Shen, Q. Zhang, P. Shi, L. Du, A. V. Zayats, X. Yuan. Topological quasiparticles of light: optical skyrmions and beyond. arXiv(2022).

[5] L. Du, A. Yang, X. Yuan, A. V. Zayats. Deep-subwavelength features of photonic skyrmions in a confined electromagnetic field with orbital angular momentum. Nat. Phys., 15, 650-654(2019).

[6] S. Tsesses, E. Ostrovsky, K. Cohen, B. Gjonaj, N. H. Lindner, G. Bartal. Optical skyrmion lattice in evanescent electromagnetic fields. Science, 361, 993-996(2018).

[7] Z.-L. Deng, T. Shi, A. Krasnok, X. Li, A. Alù. Observation of topologically robust localized magnetic plasmon skyrmions. Nat. Commun., 13, 8(2022).

[8] S. Gao, F. C. Speirits, F. Castellucci, S. Franke-Arnold, S. M. Barnett, J. B. Götte. Paraxial skyrmionic beams. Phys. Rev. A, 102, 053513(2020).

[9] Y. Shen, Y. Hou, N. Papasimakis, N. I. Zheludev. Supertoroidal light pulses as electromagnetic skyrmions propagating in free space. Nat. Commun., 12, 5891(2021).

[10] Z. Lai, S. Lin, Y. Shi, M. Li, G. Liu, B. Tian, Y. Chen, X. Zhou. Experimental demonstration of weak chirality enhancement by hybrid perovskite nanocrystals using photonic spin Hall effect. Nanophotonics, 11, 4245-4251(2022).

[11] X. Zhou, X. Lin, Z. Xiao, T. Low, A. Alù, B. Zhang, H. Sun. Controlling photonic spin Hall effect via exceptional points. Phys. Rev. B, 100, 115429(2019).

[12] X. Zhou, J. Zhang, X. Ling, S. Chen, H. Luo, S. Wen. Photonic spin Hall effect in topological insulators. Phys. Rev. A, 88, 053840(2013).

[13] G. Nardin, R. Cerna, T. K. Paraïso, B. Pietka, Y. Léger, O. el Daif, F. Morier-Genoud, B. Deveaud-Plédran. Probability density tomography of microcavity polaritons confined in cylindrical traps of various sizes. Superlattices Microstruct., 47, 207-212(2010).

[14] M. N. Makhonin, J. E. Dixon, R. J. Coles, B. Royall, I. J. Luxmoore, E. Clarke, M. Hugues, M. S. Skolnick, A. M. Fox. Waveguide coupled resonance fluorescence from on-chip quantum emitter. Nano Lett., 14, 6997-7002(2014).

[15] L. Huang, L. Xu, M. Rahmani, D. N. Neshev, A. E. Miroshnichenko. Pushing the limit of high-Q mode of a single dielectric nanocavity. Adv. Photon., 3, 016004(2021).

[16] J. Sun, H. Hu, D. Pan, S. Zhang, H. Xu. Selectively depopulating valley-polarized excitons in monolayer MoS₂ by local chirality in single plasmonic nanocavity. Nano Lett., 20, 4953-4959(2020).

[17] W. Jiang, H. Hu, Q. Deng, S. Zhang, H. Xu. Temperature-dependent dark-field scattering of single plasmonic nanocavity. Nanophotonics, 9, 3347-3356(2020).

[18] X. Zhang, Q. Xu, L. Xia, Y. Li, J. Gu, Z. Tian, C. Ouyang, J. Han, W. Zhang. Terahertz surface plasmonic waves: a review. Adv. Photon., 2, 014001(2020).

[19] Y. Huang, Y. Shen, G. Veronis. Topological edge states at singular points in non-Hermitian plasmonic systems. Photon. Res., 10, 747-757(2022).

[20] A. I. Barreda, M. Zapata-Herrera, I. M. Palstra, L. Mercadé, J. Aizpurua, A. F. Koenderink, A. Martínez. Hybrid photonic-plasmonic cavities based on the nanoparticle-on-a-mirror configuration. Photon. Res., 9, 2398-2419(2021).

[21] S. Ghosh, R. Su, J. Zhao, A. Fieramosca, J. Wu, T. Li, Q. Zhang, F. Li, Z. Chen, T. Liew. Microcavity exciton polaritons at room temperature. Photon. Insights, 1, R04(2022).

[22] H. Flayac, D. D. Solnyshkov, I. A. Shelykh, G. Malpuech. Transmutation of skyrmions to half-solitons driven by the nonlinear optical spin Hall effect. Phys. Rev. Lett., 110, 016404(2013).

[23] A. Kavokin, G. Malpuech, M. Glazov. Optical spin Hall effect. Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 136601(2005).

[24] C. Leyder, M. Romanelli, J. P. Karr, E. Giacobino, T. C. H. Liew, M. M. Glazov, A. V. Kavokin, G. Malpuech, A. Bramati. Observation of the optical spin Hall effect. Nat. Phys., 3, 628-631(2007).

[25] R. Hivet, H. Flayac, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, T. Boulier, D. Andreoli, E. Giacobino, J. Bloch, A. Bramati, G. Malpuech. Half-solitons in a polariton quantum fluid behave like magnetic monopoles. Nat. Phys., 8, 724-728(2012).

[26] K. Rechcińska, M. Król, R. Mazur, P. Morawiak, R. Mirek, K. Łempicka, W. Bardyszewski, M. Matuszewski, P. Kula, W. Piecek. Engineering spin-orbit synthetic Hamiltonians in liquid-crystal optical cavities. Science, 366, 727-730(2019).

[27] C. E. Whittaker, T. Dowling, A. V. Nalitov, A. V. Yulin, B. Royall, E. Clarke, M. S. Skolnick, I. A. Shelykh, D. N. Krizhanovskii. Optical analogue of Dresselhaus spin–orbit interaction in photonic graphene. Nat. Photonics, 15, 193-196(2021).

[28] J. Ren, Q. Liao, F. Li, Y. Li, O. Bleu, G. Malpuech, J. Yao, H. Fu, D. Solnyshkov. Nontrivial band geometry in an optically active system. Nat. Commun., 12, 689(2021).

[29] A. Gianfrate, O. Bleu, L. Dominici, V. Ardizzone, M. de Giorgi, D. Ballarini, G. Lerario, K. W. West, L. N. Pfeiffer, D. D. Solnyshkov. Measurement of the quantum geometric tensor and of the anomalous Hall drift. Nature, 578, 381-385(2020).

[30] T. Long, X. Ma, J. Ren, F. Li, Q. Liao, S. Schumacher, G. Malpuech, D. Solnyshkov, H. Fu. Helical polariton lasing from topological valleys in an organic crystalline microcavity. Adv. Sci., 9, 2203588(2022).

[31] L. Polimeno, G. Lerario, M. de Giorgi, L. de Marco, L. Dominici, F. Todisco, A. Coriolano, V. Ardizzone, M. Pugliese, C. T. Prontera. Tuning of the Berry curvature in 2D perovskite polaritons. Nat. Nanotechnol., 16, 1349-1354(2021).

[32] P. Cilibrizzi, H. Sigurdsson, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, A. Askitopoulos, S. Brodbeck, C. Schneider, I. A. Shelykh, S. Höfling, J. Ruostekoski. Half-skyrmion spin textures in polariton microcavities. Phys. Rev. B, 94, 045315(2016).

[33] S. Dufferwiel, F. Fras, A. Trichet, P. M. Walker, F. Li, L. Giriunas, M. N. Makhonin, L. R. Wilson, J. M. Smith, E. Clarke. Strong exciton-photon coupling in open semiconductor microcavities. Appl. Phys. Lett., 104, 192107(2014).

[34] S. Dufferwiel, F. Li, E. Cancellieri, L. Giriunas, A. A. P. Trichet, D. M. Whittaker, P. M. Walker, F. Fras, E. Clarke, J. M. Smith. Spin textures of exciton-polariton condensates in a tunable microcavity with strong spin-orbit interaction. Phys. Rev. Lett., 115, 246401(2015).

[35] V. G. Sala, D. D. Solnyshkov, I. Carusotto, T. Jacqmin, A. Lemaître, H. Terças, A. Nalitov, M. Abbarchi, E. Galopin, I. Sagnes. Spin-orbit coupling for photons and polaritons in microstructures. Phys. Rev. X, 5, 011034(2015).

[36] F. Li, E. Cancellieri, G. Buonaiuto, M. S. Skolnick, D. N. Krizhanovskii, D. M. Whittaker. Full Stark control of polariton states on a spin-orbit hypersphere. Phys. Rev. B, 94, 201301(2016).

[37] G. Milione, H. I. Sztul, D. A. Nolan, R. R. Alfano. Higher-order Poincaré sphere, Stokes parameters, and the angular momentum of light. Phys. Rev. Lett., 107, 053601(2011).

[38] D. H. Foster, J. U. Nöckel. Bragg-induced orbital angular-momentum mixing in paraxial high-finesse cavities. Opt. Lett., 29, 2788-2790(2004).

[39] M.-A. Miri, A. Alù. Exceptional points in optics and photonics. Science, 363, eaar7709(2019).

[40] W. Chen, Ş. Kaya Özdemir, G. Zhao, J. Wiersig, L. Yang. Exceptional points enhance sensing in an optical microcavity. Nature, 548, 192-196(2017).

[41] H. Cao, J. Wiersig. Dielectric microcavities: model systems for wave chaos and non-Hermitian physics. Rev. Mod. Phys., 87, 61-111(2015).

[42] B. Peng, Ş. K. Özdemir, S. Rotter, H. Yilmaz, M. Liertzer, F. Monifi, C. M. Bender, F. Nori, L. Yang. Loss-induced suppression and revival of lasing. Science, 346, 328-332(2014).

[43] M. Brandstetter, M. Liertzer, C. Deutsch, P. Klang, J. Schöberl, H. E. Türeci, G. Strasser, K. Unterrainer, S. Rotter. Reversing the pump dependence of a laser at an exceptional point. Nat. Commun., 5, 4034(2014).

[44] S. Richter, H.-G. Zirnstein, J. Zúñiga-Pérez, E. Krüger, C. Deparis, L. Trefflich, C. Sturm, B. Rosenow, M. Grundmann, R. Schmidt-Grund. Voigt exceptional points in an anisotropic ZnO-based planar microcavity: square-root topology, polarization vortices, and circularity. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123, 227401(2019).

[45] Q. Liao, C. Leblanc, J. Ren, F. Li, Y. Li, D. Solnyshkov, G. Malpuech, J. Yao, H. Fu. Experimental measurement of the divergent quantum metric of an exceptional point. Phys. Rev. Lett., 127, 107402(2021).

[46] D. Solnyshkov, G. Malpuech. Chirality in photonic systems. C. R. Phys., 17, 920-933(2016).

[47] D. Bajoni, P. Senellart, E. Wertz, I. Sagnes, A. Miard, A. Lemaître, J. Bloch. Polariton laser using single micropillar GaAs−GaAlAs semiconductor cavities. Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 047401(2008).

[48] F. Li, Y. Li, Y. Cai, P. Li, H. Tang, Y. Zhang. Tunable open‐access microcavities for solid‐state quantum photonics and polaritonics. Adv. Quantum Technol., 2, 1900060(2019).

[49] W. Lin, Y. Ota, Y. Arakawa, S. Iwamoto. Microcavity-based generation of full Poincaré beams with arbitrary skyrmion numbers. Phys. Rev. Res., 3, 023055(2021).

[50] Y. Shen, E. C. Martínez, C. Rosales-Guzmán. Generation of optical skyrmions with tunable topological textures. ACS Photon., 9, 296-303(2022).

[51] R. I. Dzhioev, H. M. Gibbs, E. L. Ivchenko, G. Khitrova, V. L. Korenev, M. N. Tkachuk, B. P. Zakharchenya. Determination of interface preference by observation of linear-to-circular polarization conversion under optical orientation of excitons in type-II GaAs/AlAs superlattices. Phys. Rev. B, 56, 13405-13413(1997).

[52] Y. Shen, B. Yu, H. Wu, C. Li, Z. Zhu, A. V. Zayats. Topological transformation and free-space transport of photonic hopfions. Adv. Photon., 5, 015001(2023).

[53] S. Dufferwiel, T. P. Lyons, D. D. Solnyshkov, A. A. P. Trichet, F. Withers, S. Schwarz, G. Malpuech, J. M. Smith, K. S. Novoselov, M. S. Skolnick. Valley-addressable polaritons in atomically thin semiconductors. Nat. Photonics, 11, 497-501(2017).

[54] N. Jin, C. A. McLemore, D. Mason, J. P. Hendrie, Y. Luo, M. L. Kelleher, P. Kharel, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, P. T. Rakich. Micro-fabricated mirrors with finesse exceeding one million. Optica, 9, 965-970(2022).

[55] X. Zhang, Y. Zhou, K. M. Song, T.-E. Park, J. Xia, M. Ezawa, X. Liu, W. Zhao, G. Zhao, S. Woo. Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications. J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 32, 143001(2020).

[56] Y. Shen, X. Wang, Z. Xie, C. Min, X. Fu, Q. Liu, M. Gong, X. Yuan. Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities. Light Sci. Appl., 8, 90(2019).

[57] L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz. Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory(2013).

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Xiaoxuan Luo, Yin Cai, Xin Yue, Wei Lin, Jingping Zhu, Yanpeng Zhang, Feng Li, "Non-Hermitian control of confined optical skyrmions in microcavities formed by photonic spin–orbit coupling," Photonics Res. 11, 610 (2023)

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category: Nanophotonics and Photonic Crystals

Received: Oct. 17, 2022

Accepted: Feb. 15, 2023

Published Online: Mar. 29, 2023

The Author Email: Feng Li (felix831204@xjtu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.478364

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology