Air Hole-Assisted Polarization-Maintaining Few-Mode Fiber Supporting 10 Modes

Yubo Xue; Haisu Li; Yajing Liu; Lu Jie; Yu Zhang; Youchao Jiang; Guobin Ren; Li Pei

doi:10.3788/CJL202249.1706001

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 49, Issue 17, 1706001(2022)

Air Hole-Assisted Polarization-Maintaining Few-Mode Fiber Supporting 10 Modes

Yubo Xue, Haisu Li^*, Yajing Liu, Lu Jie, Yu Zhang, Youchao Jiang, Guobin Ren, and Li Pei

Key Laboratory of All Optical Network and Advanced Telecommunication Network of EMC, Institute of Lightwave Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

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Figures & Tables(14)

Fig. 1. Schematic of cross-section of proposed air hole-assisted polarization-maintaining FMF

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Fig. 2. Schematic of air hole-assisted elliptical hollow optical fiber preform fabrication process

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$Variations of mode characteristics with d1. (a) Variation of effective refractive index neff with d1; (b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff with d1; (c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff of partial modes with d1$

Fig. 3. Variations of mode characteristics with d₁. (a) Variation of effective refractive index n_eff with d₁; (b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff with d₁; (c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff of partial modes with d₁

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$Variations of mode characteristics with d2. (a) Variation of effective refractive index neff with d2; (b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff with d2; (c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff of partial modes with d2$

Fig. 4. Variations of mode characteristics with d₂. (a) Variation of effective refractive index n_eff with d₂; (b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff with d₂; (c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff of partial modes with d₂

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$Variations of mode characteristics with dx. (a) Variation of effective refractive index neff with dx;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff with dx;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff of partial modes with dx$

Fig. 5. Variations of mode characteristics with d_x. (a) Variation of effective refractive index n_eff with d_x;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff with d_x;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff of partial modes with d_x

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$Variations of mode characteristics with dy. (a) Variation of effective refractive index neff with dy;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff with dy;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff of partial modes with dy$

Fig. 6. Variations of mode characteristics with d_y. (a) Variation of effective refractive index n_eff with d_y;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff with d_y;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff of partial modes with d_y

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$Variations of mode characteristics with cx. (a) Variation of effective refractive index neff with cx;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff with cx;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff of partial modes with cx$

Fig. 7. Variations of mode characteristics with c_x. (a) Variation of effective refractive index n_eff with c_x;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff with c_x;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff of partial modes with c_x

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$Variations of mode characteristics with cx/cy. (a) Variation of effective refractive index neff with cx/cy;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff with cx/cy;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff of partial modes with cx/cy$

Fig. 8. Variations of mode characteristics with c_x/c_y. (a) Variation of effective refractive index n_eff with c_x/c_y;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff with c_x/c_y;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff of partial modes with c_x/c_y

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$Variations of mode characteristics with ax/cx. (a) Variation of effective refractive index neff with ax/cx;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff with ax/cx;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff of partial modes with ax/cx$

Fig. 9. Variations of mode characteristics with a_x/c_x. (a) Variation of effective refractive index n_eff with a_x/c_x;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff with a_x/c_x;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff of partial modes with a_x/c_x

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$Variations of mode characteristics with ax/ay. (a) Variation of effective refractive index neff with ax/ay;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff with ax/ay;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δneff of partial modes with ax/ay$

Fig. 10. Variations of mode characteristics with a_x/a_y. (a) Variation of effective refractive index n_eff with a_x/a_y;(b) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff with a_x/a_y;(c) variation of effective refractive index difference Δn_eff of partial modes with a_x/a_y

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Fig. 11. Normalized electrical field distributions with electric vectors (red arrows) of 10 modes in air hole-assisted elliptical-ring-core fiber at 1550 nm

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$Effects of wavelength on mode characteristics. (a) Effect on effective refractive index neff; (b) effect on effective refractive index difference Δneff; (c) effect on effective refractive index difference Δneff of partial modes; (d) effect on dispersion$

Fig. 12. Effects of wavelength on mode characteristics. (a) Effect on effective refractive index n_eff; (b) effect on effective refractive index difference Δn_eff; (c) effect on effective refractive index difference Δn_eff of partial modes; (d) effect on dispersion

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$Effective refractive index difference Δneff varies with wavelength, where the refractive index of core is 1.478$

Fig. 13. Effective refractive index difference Δn_eff varies with wavelength, where the refractive index of core is 1.478

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Table 1. Comparison between proposed fiber and fibers reported in other references

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Table 1. Comparison between proposed fiber and fibers reported in other references

Reference	n_core	Δn_eff	Quantity of fiber mode	Bandwidth /nm	Dispersion /(ps·nm^－1·km^－1)
This research	1.460	>10^－4	10	80	17.6 to 51.3
[29]	1.455	>10^－4	10	35	18 to 21
[30]	1.457	>10^－4	10	75	－32.6 to 35.3
[28]	1.457	>10^－4	7	75	24.5 to 36.3
[26]	1.478	>10^－4	14	75	－70 to －10
[27]	1.478	>10^－4	16	55	－55 to 22

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Yubo Xue, Haisu Li, Yajing Liu, Lu Jie, Yu Zhang, Youchao Jiang, Guobin Ren, Li Pei. Air Hole-Assisted Polarization-Maintaining Few-Mode Fiber Supporting 10 Modes[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(17): 1706001

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Paper Information

Category: Fiber optics and optical communication

Received: Oct. 18, 2021

Accepted: Dec. 27, 2021

Published Online: Jul. 28, 2022

The Author Email: Li Haisu (lihaisu@bjtu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/CJL202249.1706001

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology