Fig. 1. (a) Electron image of V₂CT_x, (b) EDS of V₂CT_x, (c) linear absorption spectrum of V₂CT_x-SA, and (d) nonlinear absorption property of V₂CT_x-SA.

Fig. 2. Setup of the PQS Tm:YAP laser. V₂CT_x-SA, V₂CT_x saturable absorber; IC, input coupler; OC, output coupler; DM, dichroic mirror; f1 and f2, convex lenses.

Fig. 3. Relationship between output power and incident pump power: (a) PQS operation and (b) CW operation.

Fig. 4. Performances of V₂CT_xQ-switched laser: (a) pulse width and (b) repetition rate versus the incident pump power.

Fig. 5. Performances of V₂CT_xQ-switched laser: (a) pulse energy and (b) peak power versus the incident pump power.

Fig. 6. Typical temporal profiles and pulse trains. (a) and (b) are recorded at the peak power of 10.06 W, and (c) and (d) are recorded at the pulse energy of 6.33 µJ.

Fig. 7. CW spectra with a peak wavelength of 1992.1 and 1991.7 nm, and PQS spectra with a peak wavelength of 1937.8 and 1937.4 nm.

Fig. 8. (a) Measured M² factor, and (b) and (c) are 2D and 3D spatial power distributions, respectively.