Effects of Injection Gases on High-temperature Hypersonic Laminar/turbulent Boundary Layer Flow

Xinyi WU; Lun ZHANG; Yuqiu ZHANG; Zhongzheng JIANG; Changju WU; Weifang CHEN

doi:10.19328/j.cnki.2096-8655.2025.01.018

AEROSPACE SHANGHAI, Volume. 42, Issue 1, 169(2025)

Effects of Injection Gases on High-temperature Hypersonic Laminar/turbulent Boundary Layer Flow

Xinyi WU*... Lun ZHANG, Yuqiu ZHANG, Zhongzheng JIANG, Changju WU and Weifang CHEN |Show fewer author(s)

Author Affiliations

School of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou310027，，China

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Figures & Tables(21)

Fig. 1. Wall heat fluxes of different grids

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Fig. 2. Skin-friction coefficient on the wall with different grids

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Fig. 3. Calculation grids

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Fig. 4. Velocity distributions of the laminar/turbulent flow in the normal direction at different positions with no and pyrolysis gas injections

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Fig. 5. Component distributions of the laminar/turbulent flow at x=1.2 m with the pyrolysis gas injection

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Fig. 6. Ma cloud maps of the laminar/turbulent flow with non and pyrolysis gas injections

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Fig. 7. Skin-friction coefficient distributions of the laminar/turbulent flow with non and pyrolysis gas injections

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Fig. 8. Wall heat flux distributions of the laminar/turbulent flow with non and pyrolysis gas injections

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Fig. 9. Stanton number distributions of the laminar/turbulent flow with non and pyrolysis gas injections

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Fig. 10. Temperature distributions of the laminar/turbulent flow with non and pyrolysis gas injections at x=1.2 m

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Fig. 11. Velocity distributions of different injection gases in the normal direction at x =1.2 m

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Fig. 12. Ma cloud maps of different injection gases

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Fig. 13. Reynolds stress distribution in the normal direction at x = 1.2 m

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Fig. 14. Wall skin-friction coefficient distributions of different injection gases

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Fig. 15. Wall heat flux distributions of different injection gases

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Fig. 16. Stanton number distributions of different injection gases

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Fig. 17. Temperature distributions of different injection gases in the normal direction at x = 1.2 m

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Table 1. Tab.1Chemical reaction models<sup>［<a class="aTag" href="#Ref_18" target="_self" style="display: inline;">18</a>］</sup>

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Table 1. Tab.1Chemical reaction models<sup>［<a class="aTag" href="#Ref_18" target="_self" style="display: inline;">18</a>］</sup>

反应序号	反应式	$A_{f, j} / (c m^{3} \cdot {(m o l \cdot s)}^{- 1})$	$n_{f, j}$	$E_{f, j} / K$
1	$N_{2} + M_{1} \Leftrightarrow N + N + M_{1}$	7.0×10²¹	-1.6	113 200
2	$N_{2} + M_{2} \Leftrightarrow N + N + M_{2}$	3.0×10²²	-1.6	113 200
3	$O_{2} + M_{1} \Leftrightarrow O + O + M_{1}$	2.0×10²¹	-1.5	59 500
4	$O_{2} + M_{2} \Leftrightarrow O + O + M_{2}$	1.0×10²²	-1.5	59 500
5	$N O + M_{1} \Leftrightarrow N + O + M_{1}$	5.0×10¹⁵	0	75 500
6	$N O + M_{2} \Leftrightarrow N + O + M_{2}$	1.1×10¹⁷	0	75 500
7	$C O_{2} + M_{1} \Leftrightarrow C O + O + M_{1}$	6.9×10²¹	-1.5	63 275
8	$C O_{2} + M_{2} \Leftrightarrow C O + O + M_{2}$	1.4×10²²	-1.5	63 275
9	$H_{2} + M_{3} \Leftrightarrow H + H + M_{3}$	9.0×10¹⁴	0	48 400
10	$H_{2} + M_{4} \Leftrightarrow H + H + M_{4}$	8.5×10¹⁹	-1.1	52 335
11	$H_{2} O + M_{5} \Leftrightarrow O H + H + M_{5}$	1.3×10²¹	-1.0	60 000
12	$N_{2} + O \Leftrightarrow N O + N$	6.4×10¹⁷	-1.0	38 400
13	$N O + O \Leftrightarrow O_{2} + N$	8.4×10¹²	0	19 450
14	$C O_{2} + O \Leftrightarrow C O + O_{2}$	2.1×10¹³	0	27 800
15	$C O + N O \Leftrightarrow C O_{2} + N$	8.0×10⁶	0.88	13 300
16	$H_{2} + C O_{2} \Leftrightarrow C O + O H$	1.6×10¹⁴	0	13 200
17	$H_{2} + H_{2} O \Leftrightarrow H_{2} + O H$	1.0×10¹⁰	1.2	9 620
18	$H + N O \Leftrightarrow N + O H$	2.2×10¹⁰	0	24 900
19	$H_{2} + O_{2} \Leftrightarrow O H + O H$	2.5×10¹²	0	19 600
20	$C H_{4} + C H_{4} + O_{2} \Leftrightarrow H_{2} + H_{2} + H_{2} + H_{2} + C O + C O$	2.06×10¹⁴	0	24 358
$M_{1} = N_{2}, O_{2}, N O, C O, C O_{2}$ ； $M_{2} = N, O$ ; $M_{3} = N_{2}, O_{2}, N O, C O, C O_{2}, H_{2}, N, O$ ； $M_{4} = H, H_{2} O$ ; $M_{5} = H, H_{2} O, N, O$

Table 2. Tab.2<bold>Injection modes and their components</bold>’<bold> mass fractions</bold>
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Table 2. Tab.2<bold>Injection modes and their components</bold>’<bold> mass fractions</bold>
气体组分引射气体质量分数
H₂O CO₂ 热解气体
CO 0 0 0.04
CO₂ 0 1 0.01
H₂O 1 0 0.66
CH₄ 0 0 0.06
H₂ 0 0 0.23

Table 3. Tab.3Settings of the calculation model grids
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Table 3. Tab.3Settings of the calculation model grids
编号网格分布( $N_{x} \times N_{y} \times N_{z}$ ) 网格量/ 万个 $x^{+}$ /m $y^{+}$ /m Re_grid
1 401×121×11 48.0 1×10^-4 1×10^-5 15.87
2 481×161×11 76.8 1×10^-4 5×10^-6 7.93
3 561×201×11 112.0 1×10^-4 3×10^-6 4.76

Table 4. Tab.4Molar mass of the injection gases
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Table 4. Tab.4Molar mass of the injection gases
引射工质水蒸汽二氧化碳热解气体
摩尔质量/(g·mol^-1) 18.02 44.01 14.04

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Xinyi WU, Lun ZHANG, Yuqiu ZHANG, Zhongzheng JIANG, Changju WU, Weifang CHEN. Effects of Injection Gases on High-temperature Hypersonic Laminar/turbulent Boundary Layer Flow[J]. AEROSPACE SHANGHAI, 2025, 42(1): 169

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