Fig. 1. Networking diagram of router equipment and WDM equipment

Fig. 2. Attenuation variation of OSNR with number of spans

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of longhaul optical fiber communication system and coherent optical module

Fig. 4. Parallel processing architecture diagram of algorithms

Fig. 5. Signal sampling rate setting criteria and phase discriminator principle. (a) Signal spectrum for sampling rate of 2 SPS; (b) signal spectrum for sampling rate below 2 SPS; (c) spectrum of Nyquist shaping signal for sampling rate of x SPS; (d) diagram of Godard phase discriminator for x SPS Nyquist shaping signal

Fig. 6. Architecture diagram of MIMO equalizer with T/x time interval

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of Zipper code structure

Fig. 8. Power consumption distributions of coherent optical module and coherent oDSP chip

Fig. 9. Dual fiber transmission system and optical module architecture based on multi-fiber optical cables

Fig. 10. Four fiber transmission system and optical module architecture based on multi-fiber optical cables

Fig. 11. 3.2T coherent optical module and oDSP chip based on chiplet concept

Fig. 12. Non orthogonal WDM based on FTN shaping improves system spectral efficiency