Starting from semiconductor technologies, low dimensional nanomaterials and heterostructured composites have attracted extensive attention due to their unique structures, excellent properties and broad potential applications. The appearance of transition metal dichalcogenide family of materials, brings new solutions for engineering bandgap, which cannot be achieved by conventional 2D graphene materials. In this paper, synthesis techniques of heterostructures with MoS2 and metal particles, low dimensional carbon materials, MXenes are discussed. Then, the applications of MoS2 materials and their heterojunction structures in the field of new energy vehicle and optoelectronics are reviewed. Finally, the future application of MoS2 materials and their Van der Waals heterostructures and plasmonic techniques in the optoelectronics field is briefly discussed.