Fig. 1. Layout of high-energy proton beam experimental station at CSNS (color online)

Fig. 2. Ranges in different materials bombarded by a 300~1 600 MeV proton beam

Fig. 3. Relationship between the outgoing proton beam energy and the degrader thickness

Fig. 4. Schematic diagrams of the degrader with a double-wedge structure

Fig. 5. Energy spectrum distribution of the outgoing proton beam after traversing an iron, copper, or tungsten degrader with variable thickness

Fig. 6. Beam spot distribution of the outgoing proton beam after traversing iron degraders of different thicknesses

Fig. 7. Phase-space distribution of the proton beam after traversing iron degraders of different thicknesses

Fig. 8. Relationship between the π meson yield and the degrader thickness

Fig. 9. Energy spectrum of π+ after traversing the degrader

Fig. 10. Phase space of π+ after traversing the iron degrader

Fig. 11. Energy deposition density distributions of the degraders

Fig. 12. Prompt dose equivalent distribution of the degraders and shielding

Fig. 13. Residual dose equivalent distribution of the degraders and shielding