Ultrasound diagnostics holds significant clinical value in examinations across multiple organ systems due to its non-invasive, safe, and portable advantages, though its efficacy remains highly operator-dependent. Ultrasound robot addresses this limitations by leveraging robotic arms to achieve precise probe control, reducing operator workload while enhancing procedural standardization, thereby offering a novel pathway to elevate healthcare quality. This paper systematically outlines the technical architecture of ultrasound robot systems, with a focus on breakthroughs in core technologies such as scanning path planning, contact force control, and probe posture optimization. By integrating advancements in deep reinforcement learning and embodied intelligence large models, the study explores the potential of intelligent algorithms in autonomous navigation and precision operation. Furthermore, it summarizes the clinical applications of ultrasound robot in standardized image acquisition, abdominal/cardiovascular/obstetric imaging, and minimally invasive surgery navigation. As core technologies continue to advance, ultrasound robot systems are poised to drive the intelligent transformation of medical imaging, providing robust support for precision medicine and clinical decision-making, ultimately propelling healthcare services toward unprecedented excellence.