Fig. 1. Schematic diagram four groups of NEAs^[8]. (a) Apollo group; (b) Amor group; (c) Aten group; (d) Atira group

Fig. 2. Normalized number density of NEAs discovered by CSS and Pan-STARRS on the celestial sphere, as a function of right ascension and declination (first line and second line) and ecliptic longitude and latitude (third line and fourth line), and the images from left to right correspond to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter^[2]

Fig. 3. Ecliptic coordinates at discovery for NEAs detected by G96 site and 703 site of CSS^[16]

Fig. 4. Diameter‒cumulative number distribution of NEOs^[18]

Fig. 5. Positions distribution of NEAs at different time (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumnal equinox, and winter solstice) for a platform orbiting in a Sun-synchronous orbit

Fig. 6. Positions distribution of NEAs at different time (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumnal equinox, and winter solstice) for a platform orbiting in a dynamical substitutes orbit of Earth‒Moon Lagrange point L4/5 (EML4/5 DSs orbit)

Fig. 7. Positions distribution of NEAs at different time (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumnal equinox, and winter solstice) for different stations located at lunar surface. (a) (42°E, 89°S); (b) (0°, 0°); (c) (180°E, 0°)

Fig. 8. Diagram of Earth‒atmospheric radiation avoidance angle

Fig. 9. Coverage rate of visible sky areas of device in a Sun-synchronous orbit during the period from Jan. 1, 2030 to Dec. 31, 2030

Fig. 10. Coverage rate of visible sky areas of device in a EML4/5 DSs orbit during the period from Jan. 1, 2030 to Dec. 31, 2030

Fig. 11. Diagram of sites location for simulation (background moon map from Riris^[40])

Fig. 12. Coverage rate of visible sky areas at different locations on the lunar surface during the period from Jan. 1, 2030 to Dec. 31, 2030

Fig. 13. Comparison of visible sky coverage rate by three types of platforms within one Earth revolution period

Fig. 14. Cumulative time distribution of each NEA monitored by different observation sites within one Earth revolution period

Fig. 15. Visible segment of Apophis, 2015 XF261, 2024 YR4, and Kamo’oalewa monitored by each observation platform/site within one Earth revolution period respectively, and grey curves are the invisible segment